Initial design of laboratories for sustainable habitation

An effective and self-sustainable artificial habitat design is essential for human spaceflight and expansion of mankind into orbit or towards other celestial bodies. There are two approaches that need to be implemented in future sustainable habitats: the use of re-cycling technologies in order to gain experience in closed-loop processes and the primary production of resource materials using In Situ Resource Utilisation (ISRU) principles. Various products will be provided and, where applicable, recycled in such a system taking into account basic human factors requirements such as crew work load capacity, safety and well-being, namely:     

对苯二胺功能化多壁碳纳米管的制备与表征

通过将浓硫酸和浓硝酸处理过的多壁碳纳米管（MWNTs）与SOCl2回流进而与对苯二胺（p-PDA）反应,得到了p-PDA功能化的多壁碳纳米管（p-MWNTs）。首次采用Raman光谱、X-射线光电子能谱（XPS）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）、热重分析（TGA）对p-MWNTs的结构和性能进行研究。结果表明：化学修饰过程没有过多地降低p-MWNTs表面石墨片层的结构规整度,苯胺基团以3.7%的表面含量通过酰胺键连接到p-MWNTs表面;p-MWNTs在200-500℃范围内热失重9.47%,间接地证明了苯胺基团通过化学键连接在p-MWNTs的表面;经化学修饰反应后,有较多的缺陷和不导电的有机官能团分布在p-MWNTs表面,但p-MWNTs仍具有71.69 S/cm的室温电导率。     

Development of a thin section device for space exploration: Overview and system performance estimates

In this paper we present a conceptual design of a spaceborne instrument for the in situ production of rock thin sections on planetary surfaces. The in situ Automated Rock Thin Section Instrument (IS-ARTS) conceptual design demonstrates that the in situ production of thin sections on a planetary body is a plausible new instrument capability for future planetary exploration. Thin section analysis would reduce much ambiguity in the geological history of a sampled site that is present with instruments currently flown. The technical challenge of producing a thin section device compatible with the spacecraft environment is formidable and has been thought too technically difficult to be practical. Terrestrial thin section preparation requires a skilled petrographist, several preparation instruments that individually exceed typical spacecraft mass and power limits, and consumable materials that are not easily compatible with spaceflight. In two companion papers we present research and development work used to constrain the capabilities of IS-ARTS in the technical space compatible with the spacecraft environment. For the design configuration shown we conclude that a device can be constructed that is capable of 50 sample preparations over a 2 year lifespan with mass, power, and volume constraints compatible with current landed Mars mission configurations. The technical requirements of IS-ARTS (mass, power and number of samples produced) depend strongly on the sample mechanical properties, sample processing rate, the sample size and number of samples to be produced.     

Development of a thin section device for space exploration: Rock cutting mechanism

We have developed a rock cutting mechanism for in situ planetary exploration based on abrasive diamond impregnated wire. Performance characteristics of the rock cutter, including cutting rate on several rock types, cutting surface lifetime, and cut rock surface finish are presented. The rock cutter was developed as part of a broader effort to develop an in situ automated rock thin section (IS-ARTS) instrument. The objective of IS-ARTS was to develop an instrument capable of producing petrographic rock thin sections on a planetary science spacecraft. The rock cutting mechanism may also be useful to other planetary science missions with in situ instruments in which sub-sampling and rock surface preparation are necessary.     

几种高性能纤维的表面性能及其对界面粘接的影响

分别使用扫描电镜和X射线光电子能谱仪，对T-800炭纤雏、F-12有机纤维及新型超高强度PBO纤雏(聚对苯撑苯并双嗯唑)进行了物理与化学表征和分析，用SEM观察得出这三种纤雏表面物理形态差别清晰可见，T-800纤雏表面沟槽深且直径小，PBO纤雏表面极光滑且直径中等，F-12纤维直径最大且表面有微小沟槽。XPS定量分析表明，这三种纤维表面活性也不一样，T-800纤维表面活性较多，PBO纤维表面活性最差。纤维表面状态的差异体现在它们与树脂复合后的材料界面粘接性能上，T-800纤维的界面剪切强度(IFSS)高，F-12纤雏次之，PBO纤雏最差。     

环氧类反应性低聚体对聚碳酸酯/热致液晶聚合物原位复合体系的增容改性研究

以少量环氧类低聚体作增容剂，考察了其对聚碳酸酯／半芳族热致液晶聚合物（PC／TLCPA1）体系的增容改性作用。DSC及SEM测试结果表明，少量增容剂的加入明显改善了原位复合体系的相容性。力学性能测定结果表明，当增容剂加入到含有20％LCAPA1的复合体系后，复合体系的拉伸强度和弯曲强度均有一定程度的提高。     

作业成本法在我国企业的应用分析

通过分析作业成本法应用的生产条件，阐述了作业成本法作为成本计算方法和作业管理方法的运用范围，并对我国推广运用成本法，将企业从传统管理会计推向增值管理会计，提出了若干建议。     

铸造凝固冷速对原位自生（TiW）C／Fe复合材料组织的影响

研究了不同的铸造凝固冷速对原位自生10vol%(TiW)C/Fe复合材料显微组织的影响。结果表明,在原位合成的10vol%(TiW)C/Fe复合材料中,(TiW)C相是唯一的第二相,均匀、弥散分布于基体中,其形态基本上呈块状,条状较少。在块状(TiW)C相中,Ti和W元素的分布是不均匀的,芯部富Ti,边缘富W。当冷速较快时,形成的第二相颗粒趋于等轴状,条状共晶组织消失,有利于基体耐磨性的提高;当冷速较慢时,第二相颗粒数量多,尺寸小,且随冷速的降低在该复合材料中形成了大量的共晶组织。适当提高冷却速度,有利于获得较理想的复合材料显微组织。     

金属材料损伤分析中的物理冶金分析技术

综述了金属材料损伤分析中常用的五类物理冶金分析技术：组织结构分析技术;物理性能分析技术;化学成分分析技术;残余应力分析技术及原位分析技术。基于各类分析技术在金属材料损伤分析中的应用展开了详细讨论,并详细对比分析了各类分析技术在损伤分析应用中的优势和局限性,同时针对损伤分析过程中各类分析技术的选择和使用提出了基本的思路。     

Vibrations characterization in milling of low stiffness parts with a rubber-based vacuum fixture

Fixtures are a critical element in machining operations as they are the interface between the part and the machine. These components are responsible for the precise part location on the machine table and for the proper dynamic stability maintenance during the manufacturing operations. Although these two features are deeply related, they are usually studied separately. On the one hand, diverse adaptable solutions have been developed for the clamping of different variable geometries. Parallelly, the stability of the part has been long studied to reduce the forced vibration and the chatter effects, especially on thin parts machining operations typically performed in the aeronautic field, such as the skin panels milling. The present work proposes a commitment between both features by the presentation of an innovative vacuum fixture based on the use of a vulcanized rubber layer. This solution presents high flexibility as it can be adapted to different geometries while providing a proper damping capacity due to the viscoelastic and elastoplastic behaviour of these compounds. Moreover, the sealing properties of these elastomers provide the perfect combination to transform a rubber layer into a flexible vacuum table. Therefore, in order to validate the suitability of this fixture, a test bench is manufactured and tested under uniaxial compression loads and under real finish milling conditions over AA2024 part samples. Finally, a roughness model is proposed and analysed in order to characterize the part vibration sources.