来流对吸气式激光推力器冲量耦合系数的影响

针对大气吸气模式激光推进的原理,采用二阶精度的Roe格式,在气体模型为完全气体时,分别对无来流以及来流马赫数为2.5和5的条件下,环聚焦激光推力器内外流场的演化过程进行了数值模拟。结果表明,无来流、来流马赫数为2.5和5时的冲量耦合系数分别为2.42×10-4N.s/J,1.00×10-4N.s/J和1.13×10-4N.s/J,无来流时激光推力器的冲量耦合系数高于同工况下有来流的情况,但来流马赫数为5时由于激波不会传播到推力器前体而产生负推力,因此冲量耦合系数较马赫数为2.5时高。研究结果可为激光推力器的构形设计以及实验模拟高空环境下推力器的飞行情况提供一定的理论指导。     

小波包分析对舱音背景声中微弱信号的检测

针对民航事故调查中的舱音背景声分析,利用小波包分析方法,对不同种类开关手柄声进行了分析,提出了开关手柄声具有暂态噪声脉冲特征的结论。最后,以波音737客机实验样本和真实CVR样本为研究对象进行分析,利用暂态噪声脉冲特征,成功地对淹没在环境声中的起落架手柄声予以检测和定位。为民航事故调查中驾驶舱话音记录器CVR(Cockpit Voice Recorder)中开关手柄声信号的检测和定位提供了一种有效且方便的方法。     

脉冲等离子体推力器微推力测试技术的述评

对脉冲等离子体推力器(PPT)的微推力测试技术,并对几种典型的进行单脉冲冲量、平均推力等参数测量的推力测试系统和手段进行了描述和分析,对PPT微推力测试过程的细节进行了初步探讨,可为PPT微推力测试和研究提供有益参考。     

Thrust measurement method verification and analytical studies on a liquid-fueled pulse detonation engine

In order to test the feasibility of a new thrust stand system based on impulse thrust mea- surement method, a liquid-fueled pulse detonation engine （PDE） is designed and built. Thrust per- formance of the engine is obtained by direct thrust measurement with a force transducer and indirect thrust measurement with an eddy current displacement sensor （ECDS）. These two sets of thrust data are compared with each other to verify the accuracy of the thrust performance. Then thrust data measured by the new thrust stand system are compared with the verified thrust data to test its feasibility. The results indicate that thrust data from the force transducer and ECDS system are consistent with each other within the range of measurement error. Though the thrust data from the impulse thrust measurement system is a litter lower than that from the force transducer due to the axial momentum losses of the detonation jet, the impulse thrust measurement method is valid when applied to measure the averaged thrust of PDE. Analytical models of PDE are also discussed in this paper. The analytical thrust performance is higher than the experimental data due to ignoring the losses during the deflagration to detonation transition process. Effect of equivalence ratio on the engine thrust performance is investigated by utilizing the modified analytical model. Thrust reaches maximum at the equivalence ratio of about 1.1.     

基于超声速冲动式转子的下游静叶气动设计方法研究

针对超声速轴流压气机,分析了两类传统超声速压气机转子的内部流动特点.为有效解决超声速冲动式转子出口绝对马赫数过高,下游静叶设计困难的问题,提出了两种该类转子的下游静叶气动设计方法,并利用该方法对一冲动式转子进行了静叶匹配.基于数值模拟手段,对匹配结果进行了验证分析.三维粘性的数值模拟结果表明,该设计初步实现了最初设想的流动状态.其中,对于第一种静叶气动设计方法,在实现超声速入口来流降为亚声速但气流在静叶中折转可以忽略的情况下,实现了一级压比不低于2.2、级效率不小于82％的超声速压气机级设计;对于第二种静叶气动设计方法,实现了一级压比不低于2.1、级效率不小于77％的超声速压气机级设计.对于上述两种静叶设计方法,考虑到静叶入口存在正激波时级效率最高,因此该设计方法并没有达到有效降低静叶入口激波损失的目的.     

行星际激波对地球磁层的压缩效应分析

2004 年11月9日WIND飞船探测到一个典型的行星际激波. 激波前行星际磁场为持续约50 min的弱南向磁场, 越过激波面, 磁场发生北向偏转且太阳风动压脉冲增强. 在此强动压脉冲增强结构作用下, 磁层被压缩至一个很小的区域. 激波作用于磁层时引起地球同步轨道 各区域高能粒子通量的响应, 但是不同磁地方时的高能粒子通量的响应不同, 表现出双模式扰动, 即在晨昏两侧各能段的电子和质子通量显著增强, 在子夜侧发生类似于亚暴的无色散粒子注入现象. 扰动从向阳面传输到背阳面, 向阳面粒子通量最先增强, 随后背阳面靠近晨昏两侧, 粒子通量开始增强, 最后子夜侧粒子通量表现出无色散高能粒子注入的特点. 另外, 在靠近正午侧, 质子通量先于电子通量发生响应, 在子夜侧电子通量则先于质子通量发生响应. 利用位于向阳面正午两侧的GOES-10 和 GOES-12卫星观测数据发现, 激波作用于磁层时靠近晨侧的磁场变化表现出简单压缩效应, 而靠近昏侧的磁场变化则显然不同, Bx分量减弱, Bz分量几乎减为零, 而By分量则显著增强. 此外, 位于近地磁尾低纬尾瓣区的TC-1卫星观测到激波触发的尾瓣SI现象.      

J2摄动下脉冲推力星下点轨迹调整解析算法

针对快速响应对地成像任务,在轨卫星可通过轨道机动实现星下点轨迹调整。研究了J2摄动下小椭圆轨道的脉冲推力星下点轨迹调整的解析算法。首先给出脉冲推力下小椭圆轨道参数变化模型和滑行段星下点轨迹运动模型;然后通过分析得到影响星下点轨迹的四个轨道要素,进一步推导了平近点角增量近似公式,并得到它与速度增量的线性关系表达式;最后推导了J2摄动下星下点轨迹调整需要的脉冲的三种解析方法。仿真结果表明,三种解析算法运算速度快,地面位置误差小于7km。     

弹丸脉冲侧喷力俯仰调姿试验与仿真研究

为了解地面垂直发射弹丸在不同直接力控制系统(RCS)输出条件下的俯仰调姿运动情况,分别采用试验与仿真的方法进行了研究.首先,设计了用于弹丸调姿试验的脉冲侧向推力器、地面发射装置以及同步测试系统,利用高速摄像机测量了弹丸在不同推力器装药量和点火间隔时间情况下的调姿运动情况,并指出这两个参量是决定弹丸最终姿态角的主要因素,...     

大范围轨道机动的燃料消耗优化方法

针对航天器大范围轨道交会提出了二冲量燃料最省机动方案的数值寻优算法及多冲量机动方案的啸声境遗传算法.利用共面圆\椭圆轨道间的转移实例对两种算法正确小生境遗传算法.利用共面圆\椭圆轨道间的转移实例对两种算法正确性进行了验证,通过仿真实验,比较了大范围交会轨道机动中不同冲量次数对总燃料消耗的影响,分析得出了非共面轨道交会机动时燃料最省的指导性方案.     

In-flight testing of the injection of the LISA Pathfinder test mass into a geodesic

LISA Pathfinder is a technology demonstrator space mission, aimed at testing key technologies for detecting gravitational waves in space. The mission is the precursor of LISA, the first space gravitational waves observatory, whose launch is scheduled for 2034. The LISA Pathfinder scientific payload includes two gravitational reference sensors (GRSs), each one containing a test mass (TM), which is the sensing body of the experiment. A mission critical task is to set each TM into a pure geodesic motion, i.e. guaranteeing an extremely low acceleration noise in the sub-Hertz frequency bandwidth. The grabbing positioning and release mechanism (GPRM), responsible for the injection of the TM into a geodesic trajectory, was widely tested on ground, with the limitations imposed by the 1-g environment. The experiments showed that the mechanism, working in its nominal conditions, is capable of releasing the TM into free-fall fulfilling the very strict constraint imposed on the TM residual velocity, in order to allow its capture on behalf of the electrostatic actuation.However, the first in-flight releases produced unexpected residual velocity components, for both the TMs. Moreover, all the residual velocity components were greater than maximum value set by the requirements. The main suspect is that unexpected contacts took place between the TM and the surroundings bodies. As a consequence, ad hoc manual release procedures had to be adopted for the few following injections performed during the nominal mission. These procedures still resulted in non compliant TM states which were captured only after impacts. However, such procedures seem not practicable for LISA, both for the limited repeatability of the system and for the unmanageable time lag of the telemetry/telecommand signals (about 4400 s). For this reason, at the end of the mission, the GPRM was deeply tested in-flight, performing a large number of releases, according to different strategies. The tests were carried out in order to understand the unexpected dynamics and limit its effects on the final injection. Some risk mitigation maneuvers have been tested aimed at minimizing the vibration of the system at the release and improving the alignment between the mechanism and the TM. However, no overall optimal release strategy to be implemented in LISA could be found, because the two GPRMs behaved differently.