旋转状态下孔排构型气膜冷却特性实验研究

 通过对旋转状态下带有孔排构型平板叶片模型表面的气膜冷却换热特性进行实验研究,得到了不同吹风比、旋转数、主流雷诺数和密度比情况下气膜孔下游流向位置上绝热效率的变化规律,同时提出了一个新的用于评价气膜冷却效果优劣的无量纲参数——有效覆盖率(EAR)。实验采用空气和二氧化碳作为冷却工质,利用热色液晶测温（TLC）技术对测试表面的二维温度场进行测量,并通过旋转拍照系统对液晶图片进行即时采集。研究结果表明,吹风比对旋转状态下二次流的流动形态起着决定性作用。随着吹风比的增大,二次流经历了附壁流动、分离流动和分离再附壁流动3种形态。当旋转数增大时,吸力面和压力面上的绝热效率呈现先上升后下降趋势,且压力面上整体绝热效率要高于吸力面对应值。主流雷诺数的增大导致壁面绝热效率出现降低趋势,但整体冷却效果变化不大;冷气对主流密度比的增大则有助于壁面冷却效果的改善。此外,EAR可以对不同工况下的壁面气膜冷却效果进行量化比较和评判,因而极具工程推广价值。     

蛇型冷却通道中的蒸汽流动与换热特性研究

采用CFX软件数值计算了带肋蛇形冷却通道内的空气流动与换热特性,验证了计算模型和方法,比较了湍流模型的适用性;在此基础上,数值计算了蛇形冷却通道内蒸汽的流动与换热特性,分析了蒸汽过热度、肋片角度和V型肋片对蒸汽流动与换热性能的影响。结果表明:SSG湍流模型的计算结果与实验数据吻合较好;蒸汽过热度对换热效果的影响较小;相对于光滑通道,带肋通道的弯道效应影响降低;V型肋片的换热效果好于平行斜肋。     

楔形肋片内冷通道传热与流动阻力特性

利用实验和数值模拟方法,分析了楔形肋片几何结构对仿螺旋肋片内冷通道强化传热与流动阻力特性的影响,并将模拟结果与实验数据进行了对比,两者结果吻合良好.研究结果表明,随着楔形肋片导流角的增大,通道的强化传热显著增强,但其流动阻力也明显增大;气流方向的不同对通道总体换热强度影响不是很大,但反吹时通道中的流动阻力却明显高于正吹;从内冷通道的综合换热效果来看,当楔形肋片导流角为7?且气流正吹时是最佳的肋片几何结构参数.      

应用各向异性湍流模型对气膜冷却的数值研究

应用引入各向异性系数的k-w湍流模型和标准k-ε模型,对平板气膜冷却经典实验进行了数值研究,分析了各向异性系数的引入对气膜孔下游流场与温度场的影响机理,探讨了该系数的适用性问题.研究表明:①展向各向异性系数的引入,增加了流体在展向的湍流脉动,强化了气膜冷气沿展向的扩散;②各向异性模型的计算结果在低吹风比(M=0.5)的工况下与实验值符合得较好;③各向异性系数在气膜脱离壁面与主流掺混的区域适用性较差.      

Numerical investigation of transcritical liquid film cooling in a methane / oxygen rocket engine

Transcritical film cooling was investigated by numerical study in a methane cooled methane/oxygen rocket engine.The respective time-averaged Navier-Stokes equations have been solved for the compressible steady three-dimensional(3-D) flow.The flow field computations were performed using the semi-implicit method for pressure linked equation(SIMPLE) algorithm on several blocks of nonuniform collocated grid.The calculation was conducted over a pressure range of 202 650.0 Pa to 1.2×107 Pa and a temperature range of 120.0 K to 3 568.0 K.Twenty-nine different cases were simulated to calculate the impact of different factors.The results show that mass flow rate,length,diameter,number and diffused or convergence of film jet channel,injection angle and jet array arrangements have great impact on transcritical film cooling effectiveness.Furthermore,shape of the jet holes and jet and crossflow turbulence also affect the wall temperature distribution.Two rows of film arranged in different axial angles and staggered arrangement were proposed as new liquid film arrangement.Different radial angles have impact on the film cooling effectiveness in two row-jets cooled cases.The case of in-line and staggered arrangement are almost the same in the region before the second row of jets,but a staggered arrangement has a higher film cooling effectiveness from the second row of jets.     

Suppression of Surface Burn in Grinding of Titanium Alloy TC4 Using a Self-inhaling Internal Cooling Wheel

Based on analysis of surface average temperature and burn degree, this article obtains the threshold temperature of surface burn in grinding titanium alloy with cup wheels. Meanwhile, the impact of the burn degree on the metallographic structure of workpiece surface and metallurgical phase transformations is investigated. In order to reduce the grinding temperature and improve the grinding efficiency, a self-inhaling structure cup segmented wheel is developed to generate internal cooling effect. The internal cooling technology is compared with traditional cooling conditions in the grinding experiments on TC4 (Ti-6Al-4V). The results indicate that the self-inhaling internal cooling wheel can reduce the grinding surface temperature by 30% or more, and the grinding efficiency doubles. Utilizing water-based semi-synthetic coolant, the segmented wheel with the self-inhaling structure can further reduce the grinding temperature by about 50%.     

Three-dimensional numerical study of supercritical pressure effect on heat transfer of cryogenic methane

A three-dimensional numerical study of the turbulent convective heat transfer of the cryogenic methane flowing inside a square engine cooling channel under supercritical pressures was systematically conducted. Numerical results indicate that increasing the fluid pressure results in enhanced heat transfer of the cryogenic methane under supercritical pressures. At the pseudo-critical temperature under a corresponding supercritical pressure, drastic property variations cause heat transfer deterioration and sharp wall temperature increase at a high wall heat flux of 7MW/m2. A modified Jackson and Hall heat transfer equation, which can be used for supercritical heat transfer calculations of the cryogenic methane, has been successfully established in this paper.      

燃气非平衡流再生冷却流动传热数值模拟

为准确预测液体火箭发动机推力室身部再生冷却换热状况,采用数值模拟方法,对燃气、推力室壁和超临界气氢进行三维流动和换热耦合计算。采用6组分9步反应动力学模型计算燃气的非平衡化学反应,采用DO模型计算燃气辐射换热,考虑超临界气氢物性随温度和压力的变化。获得了室壁温度场、燃气及冷却剂流场。结果表明,Redlich-Kwong方程、Peng-Robinson方程、Lucas法、TRAPP法能分别准确计算超临界氢的密度、定压比热容、粘度、导热系数,采用燃气非平衡流计算所得流场值更符合实际情况。     

两层堆叠3D-IC层间液体冷却流动及换热特性

随着电路层的垂直堆叠,三维集成电路(3D-IC)的功耗密度成倍增加。具有良好散热能力的层间液体冷却是一种非常有效的方法。采用数值模拟的方法研究了雷诺数在150～900范围内面积为1cm2,针肋直径为100μm,通道高为200μm,通道间距为200μm的带有层间顺排微针肋两层芯片堆叠3D-IC内流体流动与换热特性。结果表明:与相应尺寸的矩形通道结构相比,带有层间顺排微针肋液体冷却3D-IC具有良好的换热效果。在雷诺数为770时,芯片的功率高达250W,其体积热源相当于8.3kW/cm3;较矩形结构通道,顺排微针肋结构的热源平均温度和热源最大温差只有46.34,13.96K,分别减小了13.26,21.34K。      

不同射流角下等离子体激励对平板气膜冷却影响的数值研究

采用大涡模拟（LES）方法对有/无等离子体激励条件下不同射流角时的平板气膜冷却流场进行了对比研究。结果表明:随着射流角的增大,冷却射流对主流的穿透率与气膜孔下游回流区的范围增大,发卡涡的强度及其抬升射流的能力增强并远离壁面,导致气膜冷却效率降低,但射流角为90°时部分低能冷却流体会进入回流区引起气膜冷却效率升高,故气膜冷却效率在射流角为35°时最大,在射流角为60°时最小;等离子体激励削弱了冷却射流对主流的穿透率,其下拉诱导作用也使得发卡涡头部受到的库塔 儒科夫斯基升力以及水平涡腿间的相互诱导力减小,抑制了发卡涡的发展并促使其破碎为近壁条带结构,从而提高了气膜冷却效率,且射流角越小,上述作用效果越明显,当射流角为35°时中心线气膜冷却效率提高了55%。