马蹄形等离子体激励器强化气膜冷却效率机理

为揭示马蹄形等离子体激励器产生的等离子体气动激励提高气膜冷却效率的机理,选取常规圆形气膜孔冷却结构进行了数值模拟比较.结果表明:马蹄形等离子体激励器产生的等离子体气动激励效果可以使射流具有展向扩张能力,肾形涡对的大小及强度得到显著改变,同时受等离子体气动激励产生的下拉诱导和水平加速效果影响,射流贴壁性及覆盖区域大大提高,冷却效率得到强化;相对于圆形气膜孔冷却效果,马蹄形介质阻挡放电气膜冷却结构在吹风比为0.5,1.0和1.5时,冷却效率值相差最大处分别提高了165%,148%和500%.      

涡轮叶栅超声速流场流动特征与气膜冷却特性

应用shear strain transport(SST) k-ω 两方程湍流模型,对超声速涡轮叶栅通道内气膜冷却特性进行数值研究,得到不同气膜孔倾角和吹风比下叶栅通道内流场流动特征以及气膜冷却效率的变化规律.在激波入射点附近的气膜射流能够向分离区边界层中补充动量,克服逆压力梯度,有效改善由于激波引起的局部过热.亚声速流动状态下的气膜入射角度对冷却效率的影响能够在较大吹风比下得以体现,而超声速主流状态下,气膜冷却效率与入射角度基本无关,说明亚声速的气膜冷却射流对超声速主流的穿透力要弱于对亚声速主流的穿透力;超声速主流条件下,在激波入射位置的气膜冷却效率要高于激波入射位置下游的气膜冷却效率,这与气膜孔出流在当地的湍流度有关.      

菱形排列发散小孔火焰筒冷却结构数值模拟

针对先进燃烧室火焰筒壁面保护问题,对火焰筒菱形排列发散小孔进行数值研究,提出一套处理菱形排列发散小孔网格的方法。为了研究火焰筒壁面的温度分布,采用流固耦合的方法,并采用标准k-ε模型、非预混PDF模型对燃烧室性能进行计算。计算结果表明：发散小孔菱形排列在冷却效果上优于顺排排列,在总油气比为0.046的情况下,工况一最高壁温806K,温度梯度20.7K/cm,工况二最高壁温780K,温度梯度34.4K/cm,冷却结构满足了先进燃烧室在高油气比下对燃烧室壁温方面的要求。     

孔排布方式对多斜孔壁火焰筒传热特性影响的数值研究

为了探寻高效的冷却技术,将多斜孔壁冷却结构应用于燃烧室火焰筒中,在实际工作条件下,对三种孔排布方式的火焰筒冷却特性进行了数值模拟.研究了斜排孔阵的周向偏移量H相对周向孔间距p的变化(模型A:H/p=0.2;模型B:H/p=0.4;模型C:H/p =0.5)对冷却特性的影响.计算结果表明,在燃烧室进口条件相同时,H/p的变化对总冷却用气量的影响很小,但对火焰筒的传热特性有明显影响,模型C的冷却效果优于模型A和B,并且火焰筒出口的温度分布不均匀系数ε较小.     

高压涡轮动叶内部冷却结构的改进设计

对某型高压涡轮动叶的内部冷却结构进行了详细的分析,提出了具体的改进方案,并利用有限元方法对改进前后的方案进行了叶片温度分布计算分析。结果表明,在相同冷却空气流量比的条件下,叶片尖截面表面最高温度降低了33°C,截面温差减小了131°C,改进效果明显。同时,改进后的冷却结构有效降低了叶片进口压力,提高了预旋喷嘴压比,减轻了高压涡轮转子的重量,达到了增加发动机推重比,减少冷却空气泄漏量,改善发动机性能的目的。     

先进涡扇发动机空气系统与零件传热设计技术验证

本文简要介绍了中国燃气涡轮研究院在先进涡扇发动机空气系统与零件传热设计技术验证方面的研究情况,内容涉及发动机空气系统设计技术、零件热分析设计技术、涡轮叶片冷却设计技术及新型铸冷双层壳型高效涡轮冷却叶片设计中的关键技术。探讨了空气系统与零件传热设计技术中的设计计算方法、设计软件校核与改进、试验研究与参数测试、以及设计体系建设等问题,通过系统的模型、部件和发动机整机三个层次的试验验证,初步形成了空气系统与零件传热设计体系。     

扇形叶栅通道中密度比和流量比对叶片表面全气膜冷却特性的影响

为了研究扇形通道中真实三维弯扭导向叶片全气膜冷却特性,本文采用压敏漆(PSP)测试技术实验测量了叶片全气膜冷却效率,获得了不同密度比(1、1.5)和质量流量比(9.71%、11.64%、12.47%)对叶片全气膜冷却效率的影响规律,结果表明：低密度比条件下,随着出流比增加,叶片压力面侧气膜冷却效率逐渐增加,叶片吸力面侧靠近前缘区域气膜孔下游的冷却效率减小；密度比增加可以使叶片整体气膜冷却效率提高,其中压力面前侧靠近前缘区域的冷却效率提高最为明显,最多提高了182%；高密度比条件下,增加出流比仅会使得压力面侧-0.8< S/C <0气膜冷却效率小幅度增加。     

Experimental investigation on operating behaviors of loop heat pipe with thermoelectric cooler under acceleration conditions

An experimental study was carried out in this article to investigate the transient operating performance of a Dual Compensation Chamber Loop Heat Pipe (DCCLHP) with Thermoelectric Cooler (TEC) under acceleration conditions and ammonia was selected as the working fluid. For the purpose of comparison, experimental work was conducted under terrestrial gravity. Sensitivity analysis was performed to explore the effect of several control parameters such as the heat load, acceleration magnitude and TEC assist on the startup and operating performance of the DCCLHP. Experimental results indicate that the DCCLHP can get to a steady-state operation when the heat load changes from 25 W to 300 W under terrestrial gravity. While under acceleration conditions, the DCCLHP can work at a high operating temperature or even fail to operate, which shows the acceleration effect plays a significant impact on the loop operation. The TEC assist with power of 10 W can improve the operating performance and reduce the operating temperature for the case of small heat load and acceleration magnitude. When the acceleration exceeds 3g at large heat load, the effect of TEC assist on the operation at large heat load can be ignored.     

Damage localization effects of the regeneratively-cooled thrust chamber wall in LOX/methane rocket engines

To investigate the damage localization effects of the thrust chamber wall caused by combustions in LOX/methane rocket engines, a fluid-structural coupling computational methodology with a multi-channel model is developed to obtain 3-demensioanl thermal and structural responses. Heat and mechanical loads are calculated by a validated finite volume fluid-thermal coupling numerical method considering non-premixed combustion processes of propellants. The methodology is subsequently performed on an LOX/methane thrust chamber under cyclic operation. Results show that the heat loads of the thrust chamber wall are apparently non-uniform in the circumferential direction. There are noticeable disparities between different cooling channels in terms of temperature and strain distributions at the end of the hot run phase, which in turn leads to different temperature ranges, strain ranges, and residual strains during one cycle. With the work cycle proceeding, the circumferential localization effect of the residual strain would be significantly enhanced. A post-processing damage analysis reveals that the low-cycle fatigue damage accumulated in each cycle is almost unchanged, while the quasi static damage accumulated in a considered cycle declines until stabilized after several cycles. The maximum discrepancy of the predicted lives between different cooling channels is about 30%.     

叶片前缘气膜冷却换热的实验研究

对叶片前缘多排圆柱形孔的气膜冷却换热进行了实验研究。测出了不发生主流侵入腔室的最小平均吹风比、孔排区及其下游的局部换热系数,并研究了主流雷诺数及平均吹风比对局部换热系数比的影响。实验参数范围：主流雷诺数Ｒｅ＝４２０００～１２７０００,平均吹风比Ｍ＝０．８～２．０,测量分８个工况进行。