双星双频地面快速运动目标成像与参数估计

在多输入多输出合成孔径雷达(MIMO-SAR)的基础上,提出使用双卫星、双工作频率实现地面快速运动目标检测、成像和参数估计的方法。利用广义二阶Keystone变换对提取出的运动目标进行距离徙动校正,针对快速运动目标的多普勒模糊问题,使用修正的离散调频傅立叶变换结合最小波形熵搜索完成目标多普勒参数估计后,利用数值搜索的方法对不同工作频率下的速度集合进行交集求解得到目标真实速度值,并给出了一种运算量较小的快速搜索算法。最后,计算机仿真表明了方法的有效性。     

FY-2C星云图成像技术

介绍了风云二号(FY-2)气象卫星星上成像系统的主要功能和技术指标、云图的生成与传输,以及数传与转发技术.阐述了以太阳为基准采用星上预同步、地面同步/数据缓冲器(S/DB)进行精同步的同步成像技术的卫星成像系统设计原理.分析了卫星姿态动力学对自旋轴定向稳定的影响、扫描辐射计扫描机构步进对自旋周期稳定度的影响、卫星摇摆运动造成的云图几何畸变等产生成像误差的因素,以及采取的补偿修正方案.飞行试验结果表明,C星的云图网格配准精度优于1个可见像素,章动角和摇摆角也符合设计要求.     

基于分数傅立叶变换的SAR成像算法研究

当距离徙动较小时,合成孔径雷达(SAR)回波信号在方位向和距离向都可以转化为调频信号,据此提出一种基于分数傅立叶变换(FRFT)的SAR成像算法,通过距离向和方位向的特定阶次的FRFT,在两个方向上把回波信号同时近似地压缩为脉冲函数。理论分析和仿真数据结果表明,该算法计算简单快速,只需两次FRFT即在分数傅立叶域可以有效成像,并且成像精度优于传统的Chirp Scaling算法。     

3D Imaging of the OH mesospheric emissive layer

A new and original stereo imaging method is introduced to measure the altitude of the OH nightglow layer and provide a 3D perspective map of the altitude of the layer centroid. Near-IR photographs of the OH layer are taken at two sites separated by a 645 km distance. Each photograph is processed in order to provide a satellite view of the layer. When superposed, the two views present a common diamond-shaped area. Pairs of matched points that correspond to a physical emissive point in the common area are identified in calculating a normalized cross-correlation coefficient (NCC). This method is suitable for obtaining 3D representations in the case of low-contrast objects. An observational campaign was conducted in July 2006 in Peru. The images were taken simultaneously at Cerro Cosmos (12°09′08.2″ S, 75°33′49.3″ W, altitude 4630 m) close to Huancayo and Cerro Verde Tellolo (16°33′17.6″ S, 71°39′59.4″ W, altitude 2272 m) close to Arequipa. 3D maps of the layer surface were retrieved and compared with pseudo-relief intensity maps of the same region. The mean altitude of the emission barycenter is located at 86.3 km on July 26. Comparable relief wavy features appear in the 3D and intensity maps. It is shown that the vertical amplitude of the wave system varies as exp (Δz/2H) within the altitude range Δz = 83.5–88.0 km, H being the scale height. The oscillatory kinetic energy at the altitude of the OH layer is comprised between 3 × 10⁻⁴ and 5.4 × 10⁻⁴ J/m³, which is 2–3 times smaller than the values derived from partial radio wave at 52°N latitude.     

Development of simultaneous imaging polarimeter for asteroids

We are currently developing a polarimeter to study surface physical properties of asteroids. To enhance polarimetric accuracy and observational efficiency, we newly devised the polarimeter whose measurements can provide the two Stokes parameters Q and U, simultaneously. The test-observations of the prototype polarimeter have been carried out in December 2003 and January 2004, mounted on the 101 cm telescope at Bisei Astronomical Observatory, Okayama, Japan. In the observations, unpolarized and polarized standard stars were observed to measure an instrumental polarization and its uncertainty. As a result, an instrumental polarization of 5.06 ± 0.18% has been measured.     

Astrometric positioning and orbit determination of geostationary satellites

In the project titled “Astrometric Positioning of Geostationary Satellite” (PASAGE), carried out by the Real Instituto y Observatorio de la Armada (ROA), optical observation techniques were developed to allow satellites to be located in the geostationary ring with angular accuracies of up to a few tenths of an arcsec. These techniques do not necessarily require the use of large telescopes or especially dark areas, and furthermore, because optical observation is a passive method, they could be directly applicable to the detection and monitoring of passive objects such as space debris in the geostationary ring.     

纳型卫星高光谱遥感系统-基于空间线性可变滤波器的成像光谱仪(SVFIS)

基于空间线性可变滤波器的成像光谱仪SVFIS是为纳型卫星设计的高光谱遥感系统，它的最大优点是结构简单，因而机械稳定性和热稳定性非常高，特别适合在航天环境下使用。本文简要介绍了航天高光谱遥感和成像光谱仪，重点介绍SVFIS的系统结构并阐明它的工作原理。SVFIS的数据具有冗余性和延时性的特点，虽然有它不利的一面，但其影响程度依赖于系统设计。由于SVFIS数据中包含着地势起伏、目标运动和平台姿态变化的信息，为研究这些信息，我们对像面进行了特殊的设计，这是SVFIS的另一显著特点。     

高光谱成像技术的应用与发展

介绍了国外先进高光谱成像载荷发展情况和国内以高分五号载荷为代表的高光谱成像技术发展水平,凭借在光谱分辨率、空间分辨率、成像质量等方面取得的长足进步,广泛应用于资源勘探和环境监测等多个重要领域。分析了Offner结构和Dyson结构的推扫型成像仪的特点,提出未来凝视型成像方式的发展前景,并介绍了目前基于AOTF分光方法的中红外高光谱成像仪,实现了较好的光谱成像效果。     

一种光学遥感成像系统优化设计新方法研究

针对空间光学高分辨率遥感器,既要实现轻小型化,又要获得高品质遥感图像的要求,文章提出一种空间光学遥感成像系统优化设计新方法;综合考虑成像链路各环节因素,采用全面的指标设计和合理的优化设计流程来改进空间光学遥感成像系统的总体指标和成像品质,并显著降低遥感器的研制难度.通过比较全链路优化设计方法和传统设计方法的仿真结果及其...     

Image Quality assessment for Chang＇E-1 IIM 2C Data

嫦娥一号干涉成像光谱仪（IIM）获取的多波段图像数据对于月表矿物成分反演具有重要意义.从目视质量、客观参数、几何配准精度、图像质量随时间的变化情况等方面对IIM 2C级的多波段图像数据质量进行了评价.结果显示,其两端波段范围的图像质量较差,不能有效识别月表单元,中间波段图像质量较好;自然色图像显示IIM数据存在明显的横向色调不均一性.利用图像的客观评价指标（辐射精度、清晰度、信息量）将干涉成像光谱仪图像数据与美国Clementine UV-VIS多光谱图像数据进行对比分析,结果表明,IIM数据清晰度好于ClementineUV-VIS,而在方差和信息量上弱于Clementine UV-VIS.将IIM图像数据与Clementine多光谱数据统一到相同的空间分辨率,进行配准精度评价,其最大控制点配准误差为0.63 pixel.此外,还对时间跨度两个月覆盖月表同一区域的IIM图像数据从辐射精度、信息量和清晰度方面进行了评价.