基于航空照相枪的数字暗盒设计

航空照相枪是一种安装在歼击机上的小型电影摄影机。传统照相枪主要存在判读环境受限制、判读准确度低、工作可靠性差、效率低等问题。设计了由百万像素CMOS图像传感器、大容量闪存FLASH和CPLD为主要部件组成的数字暗盒。使用基于CPLD状态机设计技术,4片闪存分时存储数据,实现无缓存无压缩实时存储,可以有效地提高判读效率、准确度问题,并使计算机自动判读成为可能。     

Construction of lunar DEMs based on reflectance modelling

Existing lunar DEMs obtained based on laser altimetry or photogrammetric image analysis are characterised by high large-scale accuracies while their lateral resolution is strongly limited by noise or interpolation artifacts. In contrast, image-based photometric surface reconstruction approaches reveal small-scale surface detail but become inaccurate on large spatial scales. The framework proposed in this study therefore combines photometric image information of high lateral resolution and DEM data of comparably low lateral resolution in order to obtain DEMs of high lateral resolution which are also accurate on large spatial scales. Our first approach combines an extended photoclinometry scheme and a shape from shading based method. A novel variational surface reconstruction method further increases the lateral resolution of the DEM such that it reaches that of the underlying images. We employ the Hapke IMSA and AMSA reflectance models with two different formulations of the single-particle scattering function, such that the single-scattering albedo of the surface particles and optionally the asymmetry parameter of the single-particle scattering function can be estimated pixel-wise. As our DEM construction methods require co-registered images, an illumination-independent image registration scheme is developed. An evaluation of our framework based on synthetic image data yields an average elevation accuracy of the constructed DEMs of better than 20 m as long as the correct reflectance model is assumed. When comparing our DEMs to LOLA single track data, absolute elevation accuracies around 30 m are obtained for test regions that cover an elevation range of several thousands of metres. The proposed illumination-independent image registration method yields subpixel accuracy even in the presence of 3D perspective distortions. The pixel-wise reflectance parameters estimated simultaneously with the DEM reflect compositional contrasts between different surface units. Specifically, the detected variations of the parameter of the single-particle scattering function indicate small-scale variations of the regolith particle size, possibly as a result of differences in soil maturity.     

车辙图像频域分析及星球车车轮滑转率估计方法

在月面环境下车轮滑转影响月球车的运动性能和定位精度,针对星球车车轮滑转率检测问题,提出一种基于车辙图像频域特征的滑转率估计方法。通过分析车轮与土壤相互作用过程与车辙形成机理,建立车辙的时域参数化解析模型。并在车辙构造时域解析模型基础上,通过对车辙图像进行频域分析,建立了基于车辙图像基频特征的车轮滑转率估计模型。此外,介绍了一种适用于该方法的车辙频域特征提取和图像处理技术。通过试验证明,该方法只需检测车辙图像基频便可以实现车轮滑转率非接触式精确估计。采用本方法估计车轮滑转率,相对精度可达3%。     

图像信息反馈的目标航天器跟踪控制方法

定义目标航天器图像形心与像平面中心为跟踪误差,并将该像平面误差直接引入跟踪控制闭环,提出一种增益切换的目标航天器跟踪PD控制律,在由推力器开关控制特性定义开关函数的基础上,给出PD控制器增益切换策略。由于直接使用目标航天器在像平面中的视觉特征误差量,避免了视觉相机内参数标定和目标航天器位姿信息求解等过程,简化了服务航天器的系统配置,同时控制器增益切换实现对测量误差、推力器偏差、转动惯量偏差以及干扰力矩等多种不确定性因素进行补偿,提高了跟踪控制系统稳定性及抗干扰性能。最后,基于Lyapunov稳定性理论给出控制器参数估算方法,并理论分析了增益切换PD控制律的收敛性,数学仿真表明该控制律能够对复杂机动目标以及考虑多种不确定性因素等情况进行快速跟踪,校验了视觉跟踪控制策略的有效性及对多类型不确定性的鲁棒性。     

一种摄录设备的检测方法研究

摄录设备小型化完成后,移植到不会造成人员伤亡的无人机上,应用在军事或高危领域。为避免拍摄失败,需要大量且周全的飞行前检查测试。介绍了某摄录设备的结构原理,论述了地面检测的环境方法,通过地面与空中视频图像的对比,验证了检测方法的合理性。     

光电跟踪仪光轴一致性测量装置

设计了大口径离轴抛物面镜平行光管光学系统,研制了基于CCD图像采集处理的激光光斑中心坐标提取系统,研制了基于光栅尺的位移闭环控制系统,建立了光电跟踪仪光轴一致性参数测量装置。装置可用来测量光电跟踪仪激光发射轴、电视成像系统、红外成像跟踪系统三轴的一致性,测量不确定度为0.02mrad。     

基于小波阈值降噪和经验模态分解的高光谱图像分类算法

为了充分降低高光谱图像中的噪声以获得高精度的分类结果,本文结合小波阈值降噪(WTD)和经验模态分解(EMD)的优点,提出了一种基于小波阈值降噪-经验模态分解的高精度支持向量机(SVM)高光谱图像分类算法(WTD-EMD-SVM)。首先对高光谱图像进行小波阈值降噪,除去高光谱数据中的高频噪声;然后再对高光谱图像进行EMD,获得含有高光谱数据本质特征的内固模态函数(IMF)和含有低频噪声的残差;最后采用内固模态函数重构高光谱图像,并对高光谱图像进行SVM分类。将其应用到AVIRIS数据92AV3C,仿真结果表明该算法不仅提高了高光谱图像分类精度,同时可减少支持向量数目,以提高高光谱图像分类速度。     

复杂背景中红外弱小目标检测技术研究

对复杂背景中红外弱小目标检测识别的一种图像处理技术进行了研究。用最大中值滤波进行预处理以抑制孤立噪声影响,采用时域方差滤波抑制背景信息,对滤波后的图像根据直方图信息进行自适应二值化处理,由多帧轨迹确定目标。用实验与基于形态学算子滤波的目标检测算法进行了比较,结果表明该算法能获得较满意的目标检测结果,两种滤波方法的组合可有效提高信噪比。     

SATI image processing and mesopause temperature determination

The Spectral Airglow Temperature Imager (SATI) instrument registers airglow coming from an annular mesopause segment. The temperatures of various points of this segment are retrieved by sectors of the registered images containing spectral information. A stage of SATI spectrogram processing connected with deriving spectral information from images and the determination of the rotational temperature of oxygen molecules emitting at the altitude of the mesopause is considered.     

星载扫描模式合成孔径雷达成像算法研究

文章在分析SPECAN成像处理算法基础上,应用改进的SPECAN算法进行星载扫描SAR成像.给出了对Burst图像内和子测绘带间Burst图像方位向像素间隔归一化方法,通过计算沿距离向的方位尺度变换因子实现整个测绘带方位向像素间隔的归一化.最后通过对点目标成像仿真,验证了算法的有效性.