结合先验知识的涡喷发动机神经网络点火识别

在分析某弹用涡喷发动机燃烧室点火特性的基础上，提出利用结合先验知识的神经网络来识别发动机点火时刻的方法。一方面，该方法通过先验知识对神经网络原始输人样本进行更合理的重组。另一方面，用神经网络的信息分布来描述燃烧室的点火条件，可以全面融合影响点火性能的各种因素。根据与试车数据的比较，结果显示：在少量训练样本情况下，神经网络识别器能保证较好的收敛速度和泛化能力。该方法可用于发动机点火点在线识别。     

纳米材料零件成形技术

纳米材料零件的成形技术是研究通过纳米粉末材料成形零件制品，以求零件具有纳米材料的特性，应用到生产。在本论文中阐述了成形纳米材料零件的方法，以及其中存在的问题。     

富氧预燃室初步试验研究

为了研究全流量补燃循环发动机中富氧预燃室的点火以及燃烧特性，对点火方案和预燃室方案进行了分析。通过对多种预燃室结构形式和点火方式的比较，提出了适合于富氧预燃室初步试验要求的点火方案，研制了热表面谐振点火器并采用间接点火方式研制了氢氧火炬点火器。点火器的试验结果表明氢氧火炬点火器能够多次可靠地点火并生成稳定的点火火炬。由于不受谐振产生条件的限制，氢气和氧气的流量和混合比可以在较大的范围内选择，生成点火火炬的温度范围也很宽。对确定的富氧预燃室方案进行了设计加工，经过三个阶段的热试车，富氧预燃室的关键参数均达到了设计要求，结构无烧蚀，工作可靠，完全可以满足全流量补燃循环发动机系统对富氧预燃室的要求。     

球形铝粉在丁羟固体推进剂中的应用

在固体火箭推进剂中,用球形铝粉代替非球形铝粉的实验结果表明,含球形铝粉推进剂的单向拉伸性能、工艺性能比含非球形铝粉的推进剂有明显改善,只是燃速略有下降,其他性能相当。     

微铝含量推进剂配方与刮涂成型装药工艺

为满足瞬间变换内弹道和燃烧产物而能量不变的特殊发动机装药要求，设计了微铝含量复合推进剂配方。经地面热试车考核，发动机性能满足设计要求，为今后高装填密度，高质量比的发动机装药开拓出一条新途径。     

Irradiated ignition of solid materials in reduced pressure atmosphere with various oxygen concentrations – for fire safety in space habitats

Effects of sub-atmospheric ambient pressure and oxygen content on irradiated ignition characteristics of solid combustibles were examined experimentally in order to elucidate the flammability and chance of fire in depressurized systems and give ideas for the fire safety and fire fighting strategies for such environments. Thin cellulosic paper was used as the solid combustible since cellulose is one of major organic compounds and flammables in the nature. Applied atmospheres consisted of inert gases (either CO₂ or N₂) and oxygen at various mixture ratios. Total ambient pressure (P) was varied from 101 kPa (standard atmospheric pressure, P₀) to 20 kPa. Ignition was initiated by external thermal radiation with CO₂ laser (10 W total; 21.3 W/cm² of the corresponding peak flux) onto the solid surface. Thermal degradation of the solid produced combustible gaseous products (e.g. CO, H₂, or other low weight of HCs) and these products mixed with ambient oxygen to form the combustible mixture over the solid. Heat transfer from the irradiated surface into the mixture accelerated the exothermic reaction in the gas phase and finally thermal runaway (ignition) was achieved. A digital video camera was used to analyze the ignition characteristics. Flammability maps in partial pressure of oxygen (ppO₂) and normalized ambient pressure (P/P₀) plane were made to reveal the fire hazard in depressurized environments. Results showed that a wider flammable range was obtained in sub-atmospherics conditions. In middle pressure range (101–40 kPa), the required ppO₂ for ignition decreased almost linearly as the total pressure decreased, indicating that higher fire risk is expected. In lower pressure range (<40 kPa), the required partial pressure of oxygen increased dramatically, then ignition was eventually not achieved at pressures less than 20 kPa under the conditions studied here. The findings suggest that it might be difficult to satisfy safety in space agriculture since it has been reported that higher oxygen concentrations are preferable for plant growth in depressurized environments. Our results imply that there is an optimum pressure level to achieve less fire chance with acceptable plant growth. An increase of the flammable range in middle pressure level might be explained by following two effects: one is a physical effect, such as a weak convective thermal removal from ignitable domain (near the hot surface) to the ambient of atmosphere, and the other is chemical effect which causes so-called “explosion peninsula” as a result of depleting radical consumption due to third-body recombination reaction. Further studies are necessary to determine the controlling factor on the observed flammable trend in depressurized conditions.     

Statistical characteristics of spray autoignition of transient kerosene jet in cross flow

To study statistical characteristics of the random spray autoignition, aviation kerosene was injected transiently into non-vitiated air crossflow in a flow reactor with optical accesses. The operating conditions were relevant to gas turbine combustor: the air crossflow pressure and temperature were in the range of 1.4–1.7 MPa and 830–947 K, respectively, and the jet-to-crossflow momentum flux ratios were 20, 50 and 80. Statistical distributions of random ignition delay times with adequate convergence were estimated based on histograms. The dependences of the distributions on reactor pressure, temperature, and jet-to-crossflow momentum flux ratio were studied. The results show that the resulting distributions appear more concentrated with the increase of air temperature or jet-to-crossflow momentum flux ratio. And then the correlations for the mean and standard deviation of the ignition delay time sample data were developed based on the present results. Compared with the correlations of ignition delay time of homogeneous premixed gas-phase kerosene/air mixture reported in the literature, the results show a greater significance pressure dependence and lower temperature sensitivity of the ignition delay time of non-premixed kerosene spray.     

基于改进SWT模型的FGH96合金低周疲劳寿命预测

针对SWT（Smith-Watson-Topper）模型未考虑材料对平均应力影响的灵敏度以及忽略平均应力对材料塑性变形影响的问题,利用材料的屈服强度和抗拉强度,对Walker指数γ的计算公式进行了改进,并将其引入到SWT模型中对损伤控制参数进行了修正。同时结合M-H（Manson-Halford）模型塑性部分平均应力修正方法对SWT模型中的塑性变形参数进行了修正,从而提出了一种基于改进SWT模型的FGH96粉末高温合金低周疲劳寿命预测方法。利用不同材料的γ试验计算值对改进的Walker指数计算方法进行了验证,计算平均相对误差为10.25%。并利用FGH96合金和其他航空发动机材料的低周疲劳试验数据,对改进SWT模型的寿命预测精度及适用范围进行了评估,并与M-H、SWT和Lv模型进行了对比。结果表明,改进SWT模型对不同材料的预测结果基本位于±2倍分散带之内,其寿命预测能力要高于其他3种模型。     

基于离散元的粉末燃料输送弯管两相流特性研究

弯管是粉末燃料冲压发动机燃料输送系统的重要组成部分,为了研究弯管内气固两相流的流场结构、颗粒碰撞以及压力损失的变化规律,基于连续相-离散元（CFD-DEM）耦合模型,考虑颗粒的碰撞受力和弹塑性形变,对铝粉在弯管内的流动状况进行数值仿真。研究结果表明：CFD-DEM算法相对于传统的双流体模型和轨道法,能更为准确地描述颗粒流的碰撞信息和两相流的流动状况。弯管内的总压损失随流化气流量的增加,呈先减少再增加的趋势,在本文研究的条件下,优选的流化气流量为6g/s~7g/s(流化气速度为3.0m/s~3.5m/s);在低流速下,颗粒间的碰撞次数远大于颗粒-壁面间的碰撞,随着流速的增高,颗粒与外侧壁面间的碰撞次数迅速增高,并导致颗粒-壁面间的碰撞次数超过颗粒间的碰撞。弯管的弯径越大,弯管内的总压损失越大,但颗粒-颗粒、颗粒-壁面的碰撞次数均减少。     

Microstructure and Oxidation Behavior of Modified Aluminide Coating on Ni3Al-based Single Crystal Superalloy

Al, Al-Si and Cr-Al-Si coatings are prepared onto IC20 alloy by powder pack cementation to improve the oxidation resistance of the alloy. The isothermal oxidation behaviors of the coatings and the uncoated IC20 alloy at 1 100 °C are comparatively investigated. For the coatings, less weight gains are obtained compared to the uncoated alloy after 100 h thermal exposure. The Al-Si coating exhibits the best oxidation resistance, while the addition of Cr accelerates the scale spallation. Phase transformation from β-NiAl to γ and γ′ occurs in the coating after oxidation for extended periods. The oxidation protection and degradation mechanisms for these coatings are discussed.