射频等离子体球化TiAl合金粉末特性研究

采用水冷铜坩埚感应熔炼制备了名义成分为Ti-45Al-8.5Nb-0.2W-0.2B-0.02Y( at％)的大尺寸铸锭,经机械破碎后,采用流化床气流磨和射频等离子体球化工艺制备出高铌TiAl合金粉末,并研究了其特性.结果表明,采用上述工艺可大量制备出球形度高、粒度可控的高铌TiAl合金粉末;粉末的氧含量随粒度的细化而...     

两相爆震波多管同步点火技术的实验研究

为了研究基于液态燃料的爆震波点火技术,进行了一系列液态煤油/氧气爆震波点火实验。实验中氧气和煤油的供给压力分别为1.0 MPa和0.7 MPa,火花塞点火能量为50 mJ。研究了两相爆震波点火技术的基本特性,实验表明:采用低点火能量能够快速产生充分发展的爆震波,煤油/氧气爆震压力可达4.0 MPa,爆震波速度可达1500 m/s到2001 m/s,尾焰温度约为2075 K。开展了两相爆震波由单管向多管传播的实验,验证了两相爆震波多管点火技术的可行性,目前可实现四管同步点火。实验显示两相爆震波点火技术重复性强,多管点火具有较好的同步性,时间差别为几十个微秒量级,适用于多燃烧室液态火箭发动机的同步点火。     

M3条件下乙烯燃料超燃冲压发动机空气节流点火试验

在隔离段入口Ma=3(模拟飞行马赫数6.5)条件下,采用乙烯燃料的超燃冲压发动机点火十分困难。为解决该难题,采用了空气节流作为辅助点火措施。基于脉冲燃烧风洞直连式试验平台进行了空气节流点火试验,通过壁面压力测量,获得了节流点火的火焰发展历程。以点火时间为指标,对节流流量、乙烯当量比、节流时间等参数进行了定量分析,节流流量的调节范围为0%~45%,乙烯当量比调节范围为0.6~1.2,节流时间调节范围为190~350ms。分析了三个节流参数各自的作用机理,通过数据拟合,绘制了节流流量与点火时间、乙烯当量比与点火时间的关系曲线,揭示了节流时间与点火时间的关系。      

Ignition enhancement of ethylene/air by NOx addition

Recently, non-equilibrium plasma assisted combustion (PAC) has been found to be promising in reducing the ignition delay time in hypersonic propulsion system. NO x produced by non-equilibrium plasma can react with intermediates during the fuel oxidation process and thereby has influence on the combustion process. In this study, the effects of NO x addition on the ignition process of both the homogeneous ethylene/air mixtures and the non-premixed diffusion layer are examined numerically. The detailed chemistry for ethylene oxidization together with the NO x sub-mechanism is included in the simulation. Reaction path analysis and sensitivity analysis are conducted to give a mechanistic interpretation for the ignition enhancement by NO x addition. It is found that for both the homogenous and non-premixed ignition processes at normal and elevated pressures, NO 2 addition has little influence on the ignition delay time while NO addition can significantly promote the ignition process. The ignition enhancement is found to be caused by the promotion in hydroxyl radical production which quickly oxidizes ethylene. The promotion in hydroxyl radical production by NO addition is achieved in two ways:one is the direct production of OH through the reaction HO2+NO = NO2+OH, and the other is the indirect production of OH through the reactions NO+O2=NO2+O and C2H4+O = C2H3+OH. Moreover, it is found that similar to the homogeneous ignition process, the acceleration of the diffusion layer ignition is also controlled by the reaction HO2+NO = NO2+OH.     

A forced ignition probability analysis method using kernel formation analysis with turbulent transport and Lagrangian flame particle tracking

A forced ignition probability analysis method is developed for turbulent combustion, in which kernel formation is analyzed with local kernel formation criteria, and flame propagation and stabilization are simulated with Lagrangian flame particle tracking. For kernel formation, the effect of turbulent scalar transport on flammability is modelled through the incorporation of turbulence-induced diffusion in a spherically outwardly propagating flame kernel model. The dependence of flammability limits on turbulent intensities is tabulated and serves as the flammability criterion for kernel formation. For Lagrangian flame particle tracking, flame particles are tracked in a structured grid with flow fields being interpolated from a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) solution. The particle velocity follows a Langevin model consisting of a linear drift and an isotropic diffusion term. The Karlovitz number is employed for the extinction criterion, which compares chemical and turbulent timescales. The integration of the above two-step analysis approach with non-reacting CFD is achieved through a general interpolation interface suitable for general unstructured CFD grids. The method is demonstrated for a methane/air bluff-body flame, in which flow and fuel/air mixing characteristics are extracted from a non-reacting simulation. Results show that the computed ignition probability map agrees qualitatively with experimental results. A reduction of the ignition probability in the recirculation zone and a high ignition probability on the shear layer of the recirculation zone near the mean stoichiometric surface are well captured. The tools can facilitate optimization of spark placement and offer insights into ignition processes.     

非线性时变过程的智能控制器在火工品压药控制中的应用

针对火工品药剂生产中压力控制过程的非线性和时变控制问题,设计一个具有控制参数适应能力的智能控制器．实时控制结果验证了该智能控制器具有很强的适应能力和很高的控制精度,为火工品药剂的压药自动控制探索了一种新方法．     

Effect of Processing and Composition on the Structure and Properties of P/M EP741NP Type Alloys

A study was carried out on the effects of processing and composition on the structure and properties of P/M EP741NP type alloys. The objectives of this study were to understand the role of Hf in a P/M superalloy containing high niobium used in aircraft engines and to determine the effects of extrusion and forging the powders as contrasted to HIPing (hot isostatic pressing) only. Two alloys of the P/M EP741NP composition were atomized: one alloy contained 0.26%Hf and the other was Hf free. After the as-atomized powders from both alloys were characterized, the powders were extruded into billets, forged and heat treated. After each process, the microstructures were characterized by SEM and the phases were extracted and identified by X-ray diffraction. The presence of Hf in the residues was probed by EDS (energy dispersive spectroscopy). The alloys were given the published Russian heat treatment as well as a more conventional heat treatment more typical of western powder alloys. Tensile, creep and stress rupture mechanical property tests were run. Results of the structural behavior of the alloys after each processing step will be presented and discussed. The role of the Hf on the mechanical proper- ties will be discussed.     

液氧/煤油发动机用步进电机力矩加载系统设计

介绍了液氧/煤油发动机用步进电机力矩加载系统的设计,描述了以磁粉制动器为加载核心的电机力矩加载系统的结构和硬件、软件设计方案,重点描述了力矩加载系统的模糊PI控制算法,将PI控制参数进行了模糊化和解模糊处理,制定了模糊推理规则,实现了力矩加载系统PI控制参数的动态调整,提高了步进电机力矩加载系统的加载精度。实际应用证明:研发的电机力矩加载系统实现了对液氧/煤油发动机用电机的模拟加载和电机参数的测量,满足了电机的测试要求。     

IR radiation characteristics of rocket exhaust plumes under varying motor operating conditions

The infrared(IR) irradiance signature from rocket motor exhaust plumes is closely related to motor type,propellant composition,burn time,rocket geometry,chamber parameters and flight conditions.In this paper,an infrared signature analysis tool(IRSAT) was developed to understand the spectral characteristics of exhaust plumes in detail.Through a finite volume technique,flow field properties were obtained through the solution of axisymmetric Navier-Stokes equations with the Reynolds-averaged approach.A refined 13-species,30-reaction chemistry scheme was used for combustion effects and a k-e-Rtturbulence model for entrainment effects.Using flowfield properties as input data,the spectrum was integrated with a line of sight(LOS) method based on a single line group(SLG) model with Curtis-Godson approximation.The model correctly predicted spectral distribution in the wavelengths of 1.50–5.50 lm and had good agreement for its location with imaging spectrometer data.The IRSAT was then applied to discuss the effects of three operating conditions on IR signatures:(a) afterburning;(b) chamber pressure from ignition to cutoff;and(c) minor changes in the ratio of hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene(HTPB) binder to ammonium perchlorate(AP) oxidizer in propellant.Results show that afterburning effects can increase the size and shape of radiance images with enhancement of radiation intensity up to 40%.Also,the total IR irradiance in different bands can be characterized by a non-dimensional chamber pressure trace in which the maximum discrepancy is less than 13% during ignition and engine cutoff.An increase of chamber pressure can lead to more distinct diamonds,whose distance intervals are extended,and the position of the first diamond moving backwards.In addition,an increase in HTPB/AP causes a significant jump in spectral intensity.The incremental rates of radiance intensity integrated in each band are linear with the increase of HTPB,and the growth rates of radiance intensities in some bands reach up to 50% as HTPB weight increases by 3%.     

火工品电参数测试技术研究

介绍了火工品电参数测试方法,搭建了火工品电参数测试系统。设计了火工品电容放电式点火电路,阐述了电容充放电原理和充放电电路的参数计算方法,实现了点火回路电流的测试。采用“四线”制测试方法实现对火工品桥路直流阻值瞬态变化特性的测试,通过点火回路电压值的变化进行了火工品桥丝熔断时间的测试,证明了采用本测试系统进行火工品电参数测试的可靠性和正确性,为火工品电参数测试的研究提供了有效的测试方法。