航空发动机燃油计量装置特性仿真与试验研究

燃油计量装置作为航空发动机燃油控制系统的执行机构对航空发动机的性能有直接影响,全面掌握燃油计量装置特性是非常重要的。基于AMESim软件建立了航空发动机燃油计量装置的热液压模型,分析了燃油计量装置特性及受温度影响的规律,并通过试验验证了仿真结果。结果表明:建立的模型具有较高的精度,在控制器指令不变的情况下,随着油温的升高,燃油质量流量会有一定程度减小。     

嵌补式网格技术在三维增升装置绕流数值模拟中的应用

基于Jameson的有限体积方法，采用多块网格技术求解Reynolds平均N－S方程组，对三维增升装置绕流进行数值模拟。提出了新颖的嵌补式多块网格技术，使得网格生成和流场计算得到了明显的简化。计算结果与实验数据吻合良好。     

卫星用半导体器件失效模式和机理分布

以中国空间技术研究院电子元器件可靠性中心1987～1990四个年度数百份失效分析报告为依据,得到卫星用半导体器件解剖前失效模式分布:逻辑失控占36.3%,开路占22.2%等;失效机理分布:铝腐蚀占1 6.3%,使用不当占14.6%等。该项研究以第一手数据首次全面、系统指出卫星用器件失效模式和机理。为卫星可靠性设计、优选器件厂及器件厂采取措施提供重要依据。     

Modelling ignition probability with pairwise mixing-reaction model for flame particle tracking

Reduced order models for ignition analysis can offer insights into ignition processes and facilitate the combustor optimization. In this study, a Pairwise Mixing-Reaction (PMR) model is formulated to model the interaction between the flame particle and the surrounding cell mixture during Lagrangian flame particle tracking. Specifically, the model accounts for the two-way coupling of mass and energy between the flame particle and the surrounding shell layer by modelling the corresponding turbulent mixing, chemical reaction and evaporation process if present. The state of a flame particle, e.g., burnt, hot gas or extinguished, is determined based on particle temperature. This model can properly describe the ignition process with a spark kernel being initiated in a nonflammable region, which is of practical importance in certain turbine engines and has not been rigorously accounted for by the existing models based on the estimation of local Karlovitz number. The model is integrated into an ignition probability analysis platform and is demonstrated for a methane/air bluff-body flame with the flow and fuel/air mixing characteristics being extracted from a non-reacting simulation. The results show that for the spark location being at the extreme fuel-lean outer shear layer of the recirculation zone, PMR can yield ignition events with a significant number of active flame particles. The mechanisms for the survival of the initial flame particles and the entrainment of the survived flame particles into the recirculation zone are analyzed. The results also show that the ignition probability map from PMR agrees well with the experimental observation: a high ignition probability in the shear layer of the recirculation zone near the mean stoichiometric surface, and low ignition probabilities inside the recirculation zone and the top stagnation region of the recirculation zone. The parametric study shows that the predicted shape of the ignition progress factor and ignition probability is in general insensitive to the model parameters and the model is adequate for quantifying the regions with high ignition probabilities.     

One-dimensional numerical investigation on multi-cylinder gasoline engine fueled by micro-emulsions,CNG, and hydrogen in dual fuel mode

This research work is the novel state-of-the-art technology performed on multi-cylinder SI engine fueled compressed natural gas, emulsified fuel, and hydrogen as dual fuel. This work predicts the overall features of performance, combustion, and exhaust emissions of individual fuels based on AVL Boost simulation technology. Three types of alternative fuels have been compared and analyzed. The results show that hydrogen produces 20% more brake power than CNG and 25% more power than micro-emulsion fuel at 1500 r/min, which further increases the brake power of hydrogen, CNG, and micro-emulsions in the range of 25%, 20%, and 15% at higher engine speeds of 2500–4000 r/min, respectively. In addition, the brake-specific fuel consumption is the lowest for 100% hydrogen, followed by CNG 100% and then micro-emulsions at 1500 r/min. At 2500–5000 r/min, there is a significant drop in brake-specific fuel consumption due to a lean mixture at higher engine speeds. The CO, HC, and NO_x emissions significantly improve for hydrogen, CNG, and micro-emulsion fuel. Hydrogen fuel shows zero CO and HC emissions and is the main objective of this research to produce 0% carbon-based emissions with a slight increase in NO_x emissions, and CNG shows 30% lower CO emissions than micro-emulsions and 21.5% less hydrocarbon emissions than micro-emulsion fuel at stoichiometric air/fuel ratio.     

论火工装置的抽样试验与可靠性评估问题

对航天器用的火工装置,提出运用序贯检验方法制定其抽样试验方案以及运用贝叶斯方法评定其可靠性的建议。算例表明,文章所提建议适用于解决小子样成败型产品的可靠性设计、试验和验证等问题,对节省产品研制经费有重要意义。     

着陆缓冲装置特性分析及控制方法研究

着陆缓冲技术在航天器回收系统中的应用日益广泛,文章对着陆缓冲过程所使用的两种发动机推力制度进行了比较;分析了着陆缓冲过程中影响系统最终性能的因素。认为影响最大的因素是初始条件和环境条件的改变,对此提出了一种较为实用的控制方法。应用这一方法,可以最大限度地消除初始条件和环境条件的改变对着陆缓冲装置性能的影响。     

空间CCD图像传感器辐射损伤评估方法

CCD图像传感器作为高灵敏度光电集成部件,易受空间辐射的影响而发生性能退化和工作异常。开展其辐射效应评价研究并制定相应的防护对策,是保证其在空间可靠应用的前提。文章通过地面模拟试验和辐射屏蔽计算,对空间用CCD图像传感器电离辐射损伤与位移损伤效应开展评估方法研究,为CCD抗辐射加固设计与地面评估试验提供参考。该方法也可用于其他光电器件和材料辐射效应评价。     

种层厚度对油麦兼用集排器供种装置充种性能的影响

为研究种层厚度对油麦兼用集排器供种装置充种性能的影响,该文运用EDEM(engineering discrete element method)软件和高速摄像技术,对不同种层调节板倾角和种层厚度的种群运动与供种性能进行了仿真与试验研究。EDEM仿真分析了种层厚度与转速对种群压力、种群与供种机构切向力和充种数量的影响;台架试验研究了种层厚度对充填角和供种性能的影响。结果表明:倾角为60°种层调节板的种群压力较大,充填角和充种性能均较优;种群压力和切向力随纵向距离增加而增加,随横向距离增加而降低;随转速增加,种群压力趋于稳定,切向力随之增加,单个型孔充种数量降低5%。转速为10～50 r/min时,初始充填角、充填角和供种速率均随纵向距离增加和横向距离降低而增加,但充种数量变异系数呈先降后升的趋势。种群压力、切向力、初始充填角、充填角与供种速率均呈极显著正相关,种群压力和切向力与初始充填角和充填角均呈极显著正相关,种层厚度和转速影响充填角分别源于种群压力和切向力。在纵向距离分别为15和20 mm,横向距离为46 mm条件下,油菜、小麦供种速率变异系数和破损率分别均低于1.0%和0.1%。田间试验表明该优化种层厚度条件下的集排器油菜种植密度满足农艺种植要求。该研究明确了种层厚度影响油麦兼用集排器供种装置充种性能的原因,为油麦兼用集排器供种装置种层厚度调节和结构改进提供了参考。