FAST一次支撑系统的实验研究

介绍了FAST光机电一体化的索支撑轻型指向跟踪系统的关键技术之一一次支撑系统，并对一次支撑系统1：30缩尺模型进行了系统的实验研究，测试了小车在跟踪模式下不同轨迹上的控制效果，测量并计算了小车的等效刚度，通过刚度系数估计了小车的风载响应。实验结果表明，本文所提出的一次支撑方案可以达到一次支撑结构所要求的位置控制精度。本文的研究利用大跨度悬索体系实现对空间目标的精确位置控制具有一定的参考价值。     

空气污染组分H_2O和CO_2对乙烯点火特性的影响

超燃研究地面实验中通过燃烧加热方式获得的高焓气体中通常含有H2O和CO2等污染组分,污染组分可能造成地面实验与天空飞行中燃料的点火特性出现差异。为了正确评估这两种污染组分对碳氢燃料点火特性的影响,在预加热激波管上研究了H2O和CO2对乙烯点火特性的影响效应。以压力0.2MPa,化学当量比1和0.5乙烯在纯净气体中点火特性为基础,分别进行了单独加入7.5%,15%和25%的H2O,单独加入10%的CO2,以及同时加入25%H2O+10%CO2条件下,污染组分对乙烯点火特性影响的对比实验研究。结果表明:在贫油条件下(Φ=0.5),单独污染组分H2O和CO2对乙烯的点火基本没有影响;在化学当量比条件下(Φ=1)时,H2O和CO2分别对乙烯的点火具有一定的阻滞作用;当H2O和CO2同时存在时,污染组分在较大温度范围内表现出对乙烯点火的阻滞作用。从燃烧反应机理和热物理性质的角度对实验结果进行了初步分析。     

Research on windmill starting characteristics of MTE-D micro turbine engine

Micro turbine engine (MTE) is an important kind of propulsion system for miniature unmanned aircraft or missiles, because of its better high-speed performance (than propeller propulsion) and higher propulsion efficiency (obviously than rockets). Windmill start is a common air-starting mode used in micro turbine engine. The windmill starting characteristics are important to the practical use of micro turbine engine. In this paper, the windmill starting characteristics research for a 12 cm diameter (MTE-D) micro turbine engine is carried out by experiment and numerical simulation. The characteristic of rotor mechanical losses at low-speed condition is stud- ied, and the engine common working line of windmill starting process is obtained. Based on the engine windmill characteristics, the propane ignition characteristics under different inflow conditions are researched, and the envelope of propane ignition and propane flameout is determined. The experimental research of fuel supply and ignition characteristics is completed, and the envelope of fuel supply and ignition is obtained. The windmill stage, propane ignition stage, fuel ignition stage and acceleration process from idling-speed to 80% full speed of MTE-D micro turbine engine is optimized, and the optimization windmill starting parameters are collected. The successful wind-mill starting experiment under this condition with engine speed up to 80% full speed indicates that these starting parameters are reasonable. All the starting parameters of MTE-D micro turbine engine obtained in this work are dimensionless parameters, and the conclusions obtained in this study have some reference to other micro turbine engines with the similar structural form and starting process.     

A forced ignition probability analysis method using kernel formation analysis with turbulent transport and Lagrangian flame particle tracking

A forced ignition probability analysis method is developed for turbulent combustion, in which kernel formation is analyzed with local kernel formation criteria, and flame propagation and stabilization are simulated with Lagrangian flame particle tracking. For kernel formation, the effect of turbulent scalar transport on flammability is modelled through the incorporation of turbulence-induced diffusion in a spherically outwardly propagating flame kernel model. The dependence of flammability limits on turbulent intensities is tabulated and serves as the flammability criterion for kernel formation. For Lagrangian flame particle tracking, flame particles are tracked in a structured grid with flow fields being interpolated from a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) solution. The particle velocity follows a Langevin model consisting of a linear drift and an isotropic diffusion term. The Karlovitz number is employed for the extinction criterion, which compares chemical and turbulent timescales. The integration of the above two-step analysis approach with non-reacting CFD is achieved through a general interpolation interface suitable for general unstructured CFD grids. The method is demonstrated for a methane/air bluff-body flame, in which flow and fuel/air mixing characteristics are extracted from a non-reacting simulation. Results show that the computed ignition probability map agrees qualitatively with experimental results. A reduction of the ignition probability in the recirculation zone and a high ignition probability on the shear layer of the recirculation zone near the mean stoichiometric surface are well captured. The tools can facilitate optimization of spark placement and offer insights into ignition processes.     

同轴氢氧谐振点火器试验研究

在环形喷嘴气动谐振加热的试验研究基础上,对同轴氢氧谐振点火器进行了点火性能试验和反压试验研究,结果表明:点火器能为液体火箭发动机可靠点火提供强大热流;能重复多次点火,寿命长;点火器抗系统干扰能力强,点火器出口反压快速增长时,点火器不会熄火,仍能持续提供稳定的氢氧火炬。非电钝感的同轴氢氧谐振点火器可作为正在研究发展中的可重复使用液体火箭发动机多次点火的优选方案之一。     

固液混合发动机多次点火启动试验

介绍了固液混合发动机(以下简称混合发动机)多次点火启动和关机的技术方案和试验研究情况,测量了混合发动机的性能数据,对影响混合发动机工作性能的各种因素进行了初步分析。试验结果表明:混合发动机可以实现多次点火启动及关机,且启动及关机的次数、时间间隔等可随意调节。     

气动谐振管加热效应初步实验

为了有效地应用气动谐管加热现象的热效应，以发展液体火箭发动机的气动谐振管点火新技术，需要获得谐振管热效应的变化规律。实验测量了三种谐振管，即圆柱型、阶梯型和锥柱型谐振管间的表面加热温度。实验中主要考虑喷嘴与谐振管间的分离距离以及供气压力的变化。所获得的谐振加热特性可用于实际谐振加热装置的设计。     

高混合比火炬式电点火器试验研究

介绍了低温高混合比火炬式电点火技术的初步研究进展,包括有关的设计参数和试验情况。该点火器用电火花塞作为激励能源,氢氧推进剂通过一个位于头部的同轴式喷嘴进入点火室,大部分液氢用作冷却剂通过排放冷却方式冷却点火室。累计５次共５０ｓ的热试车表明,高混合比火炬式电点火器能实现可靠的低温点火,并具有较广的工况和混合比变化范围。     

CO2激光点燃点火药的试验研究

用CO_2激光点火试验设备,对Al KClO_4点火药进行点燃性能试验.试验结果表明,随着点火热流密度的增大,点火延迟时间减小.说明点火热流密度是点火药点燃性能中非常重要的控制量.点火药密度越小点火延迟时间也越小.在点火药主组分中加入少量固态硫作为粘合剂,会使点火药的点燃性能更好.     

超音速气流中横喷自点火的实验研究

本文扼要地介绍了航空航天部三十一所1988年11月利用电弧加热器所进行的M=2的超音速气流中横向喷射氢燃料和煤油的点火情况,描述了点火现象的物理特性,并提出了点火准则中的修正系数.