固体火箭发动机特征间隙分析

为了分析大长径比固体火箭发动机点火瞬态过程性能散布的主要原因，引入特征间隙概念，分析了其性质，并验证其适用性，将其作为设计准则，分析了两台发动机点火瞬态过程，认为大长径比发动机点火瞬态过程性能散布主要原因不是加工精度，而是点火装置性能散布，并用数值计算验证了这一结论。     

变几何喉道对超燃冲压发动机点火与燃烧性能的影响

1引言超燃冲压发动机能高速飞行且能利用空气中的氧气作氧化剂,增加了有效载荷,因而备受重视,但它需要在较高的飞行马赫数下才能工作,因此受到较大的限制。由于双模态超燃冲压发动机可以将工作飞行马赫数下限降低至Ma=3,发动机在飞行马赫数Ma=3~6时以亚燃冲压模态工作,在马赫数     

N2O/C3H8火炬式点火器试验研究

为了研究氧化亚氮/丙烷的点火特性,在理论分析的基础上采用电激励火炬式点火方案并组建了实验系统,在不同的流量和余氧系数工况下进行了N2O(g)/C3H8(g),N2O(g)/C3H8(l)点火特性实验。结果表明:采用气液同轴离心式喷嘴的电激励火炬式点火方案可行,实现了低余氧系数下的点火。所设计的点火器在1J的点火能量下,N2O(g)/C3H8(g)在燃烧室压强为环境大气压条件下的成功点火余氧范围为0.222～0.321;N2O(g)/C3H8(l)在燃烧室平衡压强为0.50～0.65 MPa时成功点火余氧范围为0.299～0.407,并在平衡压强提高至1～1.3 MPa后成功地引燃主发动机。     

Modelling ignition probability with pairwise mixing-reaction model for flame particle tracking

Reduced order models for ignition analysis can offer insights into ignition processes and facilitate the combustor optimization. In this study, a Pairwise Mixing-Reaction (PMR) model is formulated to model the interaction between the flame particle and the surrounding cell mixture during Lagrangian flame particle tracking. Specifically, the model accounts for the two-way coupling of mass and energy between the flame particle and the surrounding shell layer by modelling the corresponding turbulent mixing, chemical reaction and evaporation process if present. The state of a flame particle, e.g., burnt, hot gas or extinguished, is determined based on particle temperature. This model can properly describe the ignition process with a spark kernel being initiated in a nonflammable region, which is of practical importance in certain turbine engines and has not been rigorously accounted for by the existing models based on the estimation of local Karlovitz number. The model is integrated into an ignition probability analysis platform and is demonstrated for a methane/air bluff-body flame with the flow and fuel/air mixing characteristics being extracted from a non-reacting simulation. The results show that for the spark location being at the extreme fuel-lean outer shear layer of the recirculation zone, PMR can yield ignition events with a significant number of active flame particles. The mechanisms for the survival of the initial flame particles and the entrainment of the survived flame particles into the recirculation zone are analyzed. The results also show that the ignition probability map from PMR agrees well with the experimental observation: a high ignition probability in the shear layer of the recirculation zone near the mean stoichiometric surface, and low ignition probabilities inside the recirculation zone and the top stagnation region of the recirculation zone. The parametric study shows that the predicted shape of the ignition progress factor and ignition probability is in general insensitive to the model parameters and the model is adequate for quantifying the regions with high ignition probabilities.     

One-dimensional numerical investigation on multi-cylinder gasoline engine fueled by micro-emulsions,CNG, and hydrogen in dual fuel mode

This research work is the novel state-of-the-art technology performed on multi-cylinder SI engine fueled compressed natural gas, emulsified fuel, and hydrogen as dual fuel. This work predicts the overall features of performance, combustion, and exhaust emissions of individual fuels based on AVL Boost simulation technology. Three types of alternative fuels have been compared and analyzed. The results show that hydrogen produces 20% more brake power than CNG and 25% more power than micro-emulsion fuel at 1500 r/min, which further increases the brake power of hydrogen, CNG, and micro-emulsions in the range of 25%, 20%, and 15% at higher engine speeds of 2500–4000 r/min, respectively. In addition, the brake-specific fuel consumption is the lowest for 100% hydrogen, followed by CNG 100% and then micro-emulsions at 1500 r/min. At 2500–5000 r/min, there is a significant drop in brake-specific fuel consumption due to a lean mixture at higher engine speeds. The CO, HC, and NO_x emissions significantly improve for hydrogen, CNG, and micro-emulsion fuel. Hydrogen fuel shows zero CO and HC emissions and is the main objective of this research to produce 0% carbon-based emissions with a slight increase in NO_x emissions, and CNG shows 30% lower CO emissions than micro-emulsions and 21.5% less hydrocarbon emissions than micro-emulsion fuel at stoichiometric air/fuel ratio.     

非平衡等离子体对甲烷点火和火焰传播影响的机理分析

为了探讨非平衡等离子体对甲烷点火和火焰传播速度影响,采用化学动力学模型GRI-Mech3.0,利用零维、均质、完全混合模型和火焰传播速度模型,对甲烷点火过程和火焰传播过程进行数值模拟,计算得到了非平衡等离子体生成自由基(O自由基和NOX自由基)对甲烷点火延迟时间和火焰传播速度的影响规律。结果表明:当分别加入0.5% O和0.5% NOX活性基时,点火延迟时间减少了约94.7%,63.1%(加入NO)和94.2%(加入NO₂)。通过反应路径分析和敏感度分析,揭示了非平衡等离子体生成自由基影响甲烷点火和火焰传播速度的化学反应机理。      

点火延迟对单组元自激式脉冲推力器的性能影响

点火延迟是脉冲推力器设计中需要考虑的重要因素之一.为研究点火延迟对自激式脉冲推力器的性能影响,以HAN基(Hydroxylammonium Nitrate)单组元推进剂为例,建立自激式脉冲推力器工作过程的仿真模型,分析了点火延迟时间的变化对推力器的压强、流量、推力及平均比冲的影响规律.结果表明,点火延迟会强化脉冲推力器的压强爬升过程,随着点火延迟时间的增大,一个脉冲循环中的推进剂燃烧持续时间和整个脉冲周期均会明显缩短,同时挤压腔压强峰值和燃烧室压强峰值以及推力器的平均推力水平也会显著升高,但点火延迟的变化基本不会影响脉冲周期内的平均比冲.点火延迟提供了一条调节脉冲工作特性的可能途径,研究点火延迟特性对自激式脉冲推力器的探索与应用具有重要的指导意义.     

冲压发动机燃烧室点火性能试验

对具有四个旁侧进气道带机械火焰稳定装置的整体式冲压喷气发动机的起动点火性能进行了试验研究,分析了点火能量、稳定器槽宽、来流温度、点火余气系数等因素对冲压燃烧室的点火延迟时间的影响。研究表明,点火能量是影响冲压燃烧室点火起动的重要因素,通过提高点火能量可以实现冲压发动机的快速点火起动;另外,稳定系数越高,点火余气系数对应的燃烧效率越高,发动机点火越容易。     

U型脉冲爆震燃烧室的点火起爆工作特性试验研究

为了缩短脉冲爆震燃烧室轴向长度,开展了气液两相U型脉冲爆震燃烧室（U-PDC）点火起爆特性试验研究。试验时采用火花塞点火和热射流点火,且点火能量可调。研究结果表明,两种点火方式均可实现U-PDC工作频率10~30Hz稳定工作,且DDT时间随工作频率提高而缩短,在5~11ms之间。此外,实现U-PDC稳定工作时,热射流所需的点火能量为0.05J较火花塞点火能量1J更低,并且热射流点火DDT距离更短,约718mm,起爆位置距来流入口的轴向距离约280mm,缩短了起爆所需的轴向长度,有利于工程应用。但是,进一步提高热射流点火能量,其DDT距离无明显变化。     

点火位置对中心分级燃烧室点火过程影响的研究

燃烧室点火可靠性关系到发动机的整体性能,而点火位置对点火结果具有较大的影响。本文首先对点火位置位于回流区边缘中游的点火过程进行实验研究,同时采用数值模拟的方法对冷态流场和燃烧过程进行研究并与实验结果对比,从而验证数值模拟的准确性,最后采用数值模拟的方法研究了不同点火位置的火焰传播过程。结果表明,点火初始时刻,在流场的作用下,火核首先在燃油浓度较高的周向进行传播,同时在流场的作用下沿轴向向燃烧室下游传播,最终在回流区的作用下运动至燃烧室头部。当点火位置位于回流区中上游时,点火成功的关键是火焰传播到靠近头部燃油浓度较高的区域,而点火位置位于回流区下游时,其点火成功的关键是火焰传播到燃烧室中心位置并具有较高的能量。最佳点火位置位于回流区边缘的中游位置。