冰形表面粗糙度对翼型的失速特性影响分析

结冰翼型气动影响分析是飞机结冰问题重要的研究内容之一,可帮助进行飞机结冰安全分析和容冰设计.为填补现阶段关于冰形表面粗糙度对翼型气动影响的研究空缺,以冰形的粗糙度参数(冰形表面粗糙高度和冰形表面粗糙分散度)为依据,提出了一种冰形粗糙度叠加方法;并通过有限体积法求解空间离散的RANS方程,结合S-A湍流模型,分别针对流线...     

某高亚声速鸭式导弹超临界对称翼型设计研究

为改善高亚声速导弹气动性能,提出了超临界对称翼型概念。该翼型具有前缘钝圆,表面平坦,型面面积大等特点。在跨声速、小攻角状态下,翼型表面大部分区域为超声速区,有效防止了激波出现并减轻了边界层分离程度,进而提高了阻力发散马赫数和升阻比。针对某高亚声速鸭式导弹,采用CFD(computational fluid dynamic)软件求解N-S(Navier-Stokes)方程的方法和基于翼型特征的参数描述(PARSEC)方法优化设计了一种超临界对称翼型,并将其应用于鸭舵和尾翼设计。最后,进行了导弹全弹外形的跨声速风洞试验。结果表明:使用超临界对称翼型的高亚声速导弹具有良好的升阻特性。     

多段翼型大迎角下主翼、襟翼上的分离流及缝道流动

使用雷诺平均N-S方程、采用可用于较大分离区的Johnson-King紊流模型、嵌套网格和有限体积法研究大迎角下的多段翼型绕流,特别是主翼、襟翼上的分离流动及缝道流动。利用嵌合体技术对组合体每一部分生成高质量并适于高效求解的贴体网格。以具有17%相对厚度的GAW-1翼型带30%襟翼翼型为例进行了计算,计算结果与实验结果吻合很好,证实该方法可以较好地预计多段翼型上的分离流、缝道流动与最大升力。     

微型凸起流动控制用于翼型的减阻特性研究

微型凸起作为减小阻力的一种有效措施已经备受关注.开展了等熵压缩"弱激波"干扰鼓包用于RAE2822超临界翼型的减阻作用机制研究以及NACA0012对称翼型表面脊状结构减阻特性的数值模拟研究.结果表明:通过鼓包参数最优匹配,可达到弱化激波、减小波阻、提高升阻比、延缓抖振边界等目的;同时,通过对比不同脊状结构、不同网格密度对计算结果的影响,总结了多个速度下脊状表面的减阻规律.所得结论为进一步开展微型凸起类流动控制用于机翼的减阻特性研究奠定了坚实基础.     

遗传算法在风洞实验优化中的应用研究

为了提高风洞实验效率,降低实验成本,缩短实验周期,笔者探讨了将遗传算法引入到风洞优化实验中,实现了基于遗传算法的多段翼型实验规划.通过遗传算法对多段翼型的迎角及各段的偏转角度、重叠量和缝道宽度进行编码,由实验提供适应度值.对两段翼型的研究表明应用遗传算法规划风洞实验能够减少实验次数约40%.种群数为染色体长度的2倍时,算法能较好的搜索到最优值.初始群体值对算法的收敛性及计算效果基本无影响.此外,也模拟计算了4段翼型风洞实验,提高实验效率大约为87%~93%,可见遗传算法仍然有效且在大规模风洞实验中更有应用价值.     

POD降阶算法中对基模态表达的改进

由一系列已知的相近流场解重新组合成一组正交分解(POD)的基模态。利用这些模态的线性组合构造绕一任意翼型的流场,使计算的未知量数目仅为所取相近解流场个数,而传统方法的未知量数目为网格单元数的4倍,因此极大地减少了未知量的数目,将其用于翼型优化,计算量会显著减少。给定的一系列相近流场解,是通过计算快照得到的,这些快照是形成正交模态的根本,直接影响近似计算的准确程度。本文提出了一种新的扰动方法,即通过扰动翼型的关键控制点反求翼型函数得到快照。通过几个已知的翼型解对子空间的投影比较可以看出,该方法的空间表达能力优于常用的加局部凸起的H icks-H enne函数的方法,而且近似计算的准确程度也更好。最后,探讨了正交分解的必要性,阐明利用POD降阶模型方法计算流场可以迅速收敛的内在原因。     

Effects of surface roughness on the aerodynamic performance of a high subsonic compressor airfoil at low Reynolds number

The aerodynamic performance of compressor airfoil is significantly affected by the surface roughness at low Reynolds number (Re). In the present study, numerical simulations have been conducted to investigate the impact of surface roughness on the profile loss of a high subsonic compressor airfoil at Re = 1.5 × 10⁵. Four roughness locations, covering 10%, 30%, 50% and 100% of the suction surface from the leading edge and seven roughness magnitudes (R_a) ranging from 52 to 525 μm were selected. Results showed that the surface roughness mainly determined the loss generation process by influencing the structure of the Laminar Separation Bubble (LSB) and the turbulence level near the wall. For all the roughness locations, the variation trend for the profile loss with the roughness magnitude was similar. In the transitionally rough region, the negative displacement effect of the LSB was suppressed with the increase of roughness magnitude, leading to a maximum decrease of 14.6%, 16.04%, 16.45% and 10.20% in the profile loss at R_a = 157 μm for the four roughness locations, respectively. However, with a further increase of the roughness magnitude in the fully rough region, the stronger turbulent dissipation enhanced the growth rate of the turbulent boundary layer and increased the profile loss instead. By comparison, the leading edge roughness played a dominant role in the boundary layer development and performance variation. To take fully advantage of the surface roughness reducing profile loss at low Re, the effects of roughness on suppressing LSB and inducing strong turbulent dissipation should be balanced effectively.     

基于Navier-Stokes方程跨声速翼型和机翼气动优化设计

将响应面方法引入到气动优化设计上来,进行了基于N-S方程跨声速翼型、机翼气动优化设计。通过去掉完全二阶多项式响应面模型中的二阶交叉项,大大减少了构造高维响应面模型所需要的计算量。合理地选择优化设计空间,保证了构造的响应面模型具有较高精度。跨声速翼型、机翼减阻优化算例结果表明该方法能有效地适用于气动优化设计问题,设计质量高,方法实用可靠,有较高的工程应用前景。     

Variable slip window technology in transition detection on pitching airfoil

In the pitching motion, the unsteady transition and relaminarization position plays an important role in the dynamic characteristics of the airfoil. In order to facilitate the computer to automatically and accurately calculate the position of the transition and relaminarization, a Variable Slip Window Technology (VSWT) suitable for airfoil dynamic data processing was developed using the S809 airfoil experimental data in this paper and two calculation strategies, i.e., global strategy and single point strategy, were proposed: global strategy and single point strategy. The core of the VSWT is the selection of the window function h and the parameters setting in the h function. The effect of the VSWT was evaluated using the dimensionless pulse strength value (INB), which can be used to evaluate the signal characteristics, of the root mean square (RMS) value of the fluctuating pressure. It is found that: the h function characteristics have a significant influence on the VSWT. The suitable functions are H_n function constructed in this paper and step function. For the left boundary of the magnified area, the step function can obtain the largest INB value, but the robustness is not good. The H₁ function (Gaussian-like function, n = 1) can show higher robustness while ensuring a large INB value. The two computing strategies, which are single point strategy and global strategy, have their own advantages and disadvantages. The former strategy, that is the single point strategy, can achieve a higher INB value, but the RMS magnification at the feature position needs to be known in advance. Although the INB value obtained by the latter strategy, that is the global strategy, is slightly smaller than the calculation results of the former strategy, it is not necessary to know the RMS magnification at the feature position in advance. So the global strategy has better robustness. The experimental data of NACA0012 airfoil was used to further validate the developed VSWT in this paper, and the results show that the VSWT developed in this paper can still double the INB value of the transition/relaminarization position. The VSWT developed in this paper has certain practicability, which is convenient for the computer to automatically determine the transition/relaminarization characteristics.     

A model of flow separation controlled by dielectric barrier discharge

Flow separation,as an aerodynamic phenomenon,occurs in specific conditions.The conditions are studied in a wind tunnel on different airfoils.The phenomenon can be delayed or suppressed by exerting an external momentum to the flow.Dielectric barrier discharge actuators arranged in a row of 8 and perpendicular to the flow direction can delay flow separation by exerting the momentum.In this study,a mathematical model is developed to predict a parameter,which is utilized to represent flow separation on an NACA0012 airfoil.The model is based on the neurofuzzy method applied to experimental datasets.The neuro model is trained in different flow conditions and the parameter is measured by pressure sensors.