3D information from 2D images recorded in the European Modular Cultivation System on the ISS

The European Modular Cultivation System (EMCS) on the ISS allows long-term biological experiments, e.g. on plants. Video cameras provide near real-time 2D images from these experiments. A method to obtain 3D coordinates and stereoscopic images from these 2D images has been developed and is described in this paper. The procedure was developed to enhance the data output of the MULTIGEN-1 experiment in 2007. One of the main objectives of the experiment was to study growth movements of the Arabidopsis plants and the effect of gravity on these. 3D data were important during parts of the experiment and the paper presents the method developed to acquire 3D data, the accuracy of the data, limitations to the technique and ways to improve the accuracy. Sequences of 3D data obtained from the MULTIGEN-1 experiment are used to illustrate the potential of this newfound capability of the EMCS. In the experiment setup, a positional depth accuracy of about ±0.4 mm for relative object distances and an absolute depth accuracy of about ±1.4 mm for time dependent phenomena was reached. The ability to both view biological specimens in 3D as well as obtaining quantitative 3D data added greatly to the scientific output of the MULTIGEN-1 experiment. The uses of the technique to other researchers and their experiments are discussed.     

基于体绘制的真三维显示中体素路径优化算法分析

由于基于体素的绘制方法所需处理体素数据很大,而体素激活的随机顺序与体数据存储顺序不一致,因此需要在体素激活前对体素按照立体显示的要求进行路径优化.本文针对该问题描述和分析了体素化过程,并提出一个典型的体素化流程.在此基础上,重点分析了流程中的体素路径优化算法,对其进行分析后进行数学建模并转化为TSP问题,最后提出了一个...     

预测平纹编织C/SiC复合材料等效导热系数的三维纤维随机模型

提出了一种能够刻画平纹编织C/SiC复合材料编织结构的三维纤维随机模型,探讨了微观结构影响宏观等效导热系数的机理。采用蒙特卡罗法模拟纤维位置的随机分布,用有限元法计算等效导热系数,通过数理统计方法分析在不同纤维体积分数下等效导热系数的随机分布规律;并且比较了相同纤维体积分数下,纤维随机模型平均等效导热系数与纤维周期排列模型等效导热系数的差别。结果表明:在不同体积分数下,纤维位置随机等效导热系数都呈高斯分布;纤维随机模型中纤维会出现聚集现象,形成局部“导热热障”,所以纤维随机模型平均等效导热系数小于纤维周期排列模型,这种差异在中等纤维体积分数下最明显。      

Nonlinear bending analysis of a 3D braided composite cylindrical panel subjected to transverse loads in thermal environments

The aim of this study is to investigate nonlinear bending for a 3-Dimensional(3D)braided composite cylindrical panel which has transverse loads on its finite length. By refining a micro-macro-mechanical model, the 3D braided composite can be treated as a representative average cell system. The geometric structural properties of its components deeply depend on their positions in the section of the cylindrical panel. The embedded elastic medium of the panel can be described by a Pasternak elastic foundation. Via using the shell theory of the von Ka′rma′nDonnell type of kinematic nonlinearity, governing equations can be established to get higherorder shear deformation. The mixed Galerkin-perturbation method is applied to get the nonlinear bending behavior of the 3D braided cylindrical panel with a simply supported boundary condition.Based on the analysis of the braided composite cylindrical panel with variable initial stress, geometric parameter, fiber volume fraction, and elastic foundation, serial numerical illustrations are archived to represent the appropriate nonlinear bending responses.     

透波性Si3N4陶瓷铣削加工表面边缘破损实验研究

针对透波性Si_3N_4陶瓷铣削加工过程中易出现边缘破损现象,通过不同铣削深度实验研究了边缘破损类型、产生位置以及切深对边缘破损影响,并分析了边缘破损产生机理,最后提出了边缘破损控制方法。结果表明:当切深为0.4~0.8 mm时,边缘破损主要集中于出口棱边和入刀侧边;且脆性域加工过程中随着切深的增加,边缘破损程度呈现增大趋势;降低切深至≤0.3 mm且采用跟随周边走刀方式,并保证入刀处刀尖线速度方向与进给方向夹角不小于90°,可以有效控制边缘破损。研究为提高透波性Si_3N_4陶瓷铣削加工表面质量提供了技术支撑。     

一种三维激光扫描系统的设计及参数标定

基于三维激光扫描系统的移动机器人动态环境地图构建技术是机器人智能感知技术的重要组成部分,而三维激光扫描系统的设计及标定技术对于地图构建的精度有决定性的影响。针对应用于小型移动机器人的三维激光扫描系统低成本、小型化的需求,设计了一套由高精度旋转云台和小型二维激光测距传感器组成的三维激光扫描系统,并提出了一种新的系统参数标定方法以提高三维扫描测量的准确度。该方法使用镂空圆孔标定板作为标定对象以完成对三维扫描特征自动准确获取,并根据非线性最小二乘法对三维激光扫描系统的参数进行优化计算。实验结果表明,所设计的三维激光扫描系统能够准确地测量周围环境的三维信息,实现了以低成本获得高质量环境建模的三维扫描数据技术。      

裂纹参数和筋条布局对共振九宫板动态应力强度因子的影响

由于裂纹的出现会改变振动结构的断裂行为,本文建立了含中心裂纹九宫板结构的有限元模型并采用模态叠加原理快速求解出该结构在共振条件下的裂纹尖端应力强度因子（SIF）,然后分析并讨论了裂纹参数（偏转角度和裂纹长度）及筋条布局对应力强度因子的影响。结果表明：随着裂纹偏转角度的增加,Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ型应力强度因子最大值分别表现出不同的变化趋势（单调增加、无显著变化、先增加后减小）;裂纹长度同时影响应力强度因子最大值和裂纹类型;对于裂纹参数相同的九宫板,筋条布局改变了结构的模态振型,从而导致不同裂纹类型出现;特别地,当九宫板中央区域为正方形时,应力强度因子最大值和裂纹类型对裂纹偏转角度不敏感。     

Quantification of spatial structure of human proximal tibial bone biopsies using 3D measures of complexity

Changes in trabecular bone composition during development of osteoporosis are used as a model for bone loss in microgravity conditions during a space flight. Symbolic dynamics and measures of complexity are proposed and applied to assess quantitatively the structural composition of bone tissue from 3D data sets of human tibia bone biopsies acquired by a micro-CT scanner. In order to justify the newly proposed approach, the measures of complexity of the bone architecture were compared with the results of traditional 2D bone histomorphometry. The proposed technique is able to quantify the structural loss of the bone tissue and may help to diagnose and to monitor changes in bone structure of patients on Earth as well as of the space-flying personnel.     

Structure-aware fusion network for 3D scene understanding

In this paper, we propose a Structure-Aware Fusion Network(SAFNet) for 3D scene understanding. As 2D images present more detailed information while 3D point clouds convey more geometric information, fusing the two complementary data can improve the discriminative ability of the model. Fusion is a very challenging task since 2D and 3D data are essentially different and show different formats. The existing methods first extract 2D multi-view image features and then aggregate them into sparse 3D po...