Hysteresis behaviors of compressor rotating stall with cusp catastrophic model

Rotating stall is a complex nonlinear dynamic phenomenon which is always characterized by catastrophe and hysteresis in high aerodynamic-loading compressor. Exploring the key contributing factors and characteristic rules of hysteresis is very important for compressor design and flow instability control. In this paper, a novel model method is proposed to analyze the hysteresis behaviors to extend the understanding of compressor rotating stall. The equilibrium states of compressor system under different conditions are first described based on Moore-Greitzer model. Then, through assessing the stability of the equilibrium points by Liapunov's theorem, the ratio of shutoff head to compressor characteristic semi-height is found to affect the stall hysteresis: the size of hysteresis loop will gradually decrease, even disappear with the increase of the ratio. Combing the effects of both the ratio and throttle coefficient, the hysteresis behaviors of compressor stall under multi-parameters can be found to be consistent with the topological properties of cusp catastrophic model by Thom’s catastrophe theory. Finally, according to topological invariant rules, from the perspective of potential function, the equilibrium surface equation of compressor system is developed by standard cusp catastrophic model to describe the various hysteresis behaviors of compressor rotating stall along different control routes.     

SINS辅助GPS跟踪环路超紧耦合系统设计

为了提高GPS(Global Positioning System)在高动态条件下的跟踪性能并为SINS(Strapdown Inertial Navigation System)提供精确、可靠的修正信息,提出了一种SINS辅助GPS超紧耦合导航方案.针对高动态条件下载波跟踪性能不佳的问题,利用SINS速度信息为载波环提供多普勒频率辅助,从而降低了载体动态对载波环的影响.此外,将载波环跟踪误差扩充为组合系统的状态变量,并建立了载波环跟踪误差、伪距率量测误差与惯导误差之间的关系模型,从而消除了引入SINS辅助信息导致的量测相关问题.仿真验证表明:超紧耦合系统不仅能够有效地提高跟踪环路的噪声抑制能力和动态跟踪性能,而且可以显著地改善组合滤波器的误差估计精度.     

基于带宽优化的载波跟踪算法

在现有的高动态微弱信号的载波跟踪算法中,针对锁频环(FLL)辅助锁相环(PLL)载波跟踪算法,环路调整不连续,易出现跟踪失锁的问题,给出了FLL与PLL的更优组合算法,并确定了组合环路状态转换的过程以及环路状态转换的门限值,从而优化环路性能;针对带宽调整不准确影响环路跟踪性能的问题,分析得出最优带宽值,确定了试探法带宽调整策略,对环路带宽进行实时调整,最终在信噪比为3dB,且存在加加速度分量时,环路的跟踪误差达到3Hz左右.      

Flow response hysteresis of throat regulation process of a two-dimensional mixed-compression supersonic inlet

The variable geometry supersonic inlet tends to decrease the throat area to reduce the Mach number upstream of the terminal shock, so as to reduce the flow loss. However, excessive Internal Contraction Ratio(ICR) exposes the inlet to a greater risk of unstart, which inevitably results in a process of increasing the throat area to aid the inlet restart. In the above throat regulation process, the inlet undergoes the start, unstart, and restart states in turn. In order to reveal the flow structure...     

S波段准椭圆响应带通频率选择表面设计研究

频率选择表面（Frequency Selective Surface,FSS）在多个领域中具有重要应用价值。通过两层双行为谐振器的双方环FSS级联,实现具有准椭圆响应的FSS,不同于传统的巴特沃斯与切比雪夫型。仿真结果表明,FSS在S波段、通带至阻带单侧过渡带宽为350 MHz。设计结构与同通带二阶巴特沃斯滤波器相比,过渡带减小了30%,与三阶巴特沃斯滤波器过渡性能一致。全波仿真结果表明,设计结构工作在S频段,实现了准椭圆响应,并具有良好极化稳定性与角度稳定性。     

Hysteresis and the nonlinear equivalent piezoelectric coeffcient of MFCs for actuation

The hysteretic behavior and nonlinearity of the equivalent material coefficient of macro fiber composites (MFC) under staircase input conditions are investigated using the Preisach model. Based on a database of first order reversal curves, formulas are derived to predict the hysteresis of strain output and nonlinearity of the equivalent piezoelectric coefficient of MFCs. Formulae are verified by comparing the predicted strains with the measured strains of three MFC specimens, which are driven by a random sequence of staircase voltage inputs. The coefficients obtained by the formulae and experimentation coincide. Further results indicate that the equivalent piezoelectric strain coefficient depends greatly on the value of drive voltage across the entire input range, and the coefficient is asymmetric across the negative and positive input ranges. Deflection testing of an MFC composite cantilever demonstrates the importance of taking the nonlinearity of the equivalent piezoelectric coefficient into consideration in the application of actuation.     

基于压电迟滞模型的非共振椭圆振动切削装置控制研究

根据所研制的一种典型结构的非共振椭圆振动切削(Elliptical Vibration Cutting,EVC)装置,考虑压电叠堆在非共振EVC装置表现出来的动态迟滞特点,对静态PI迟滞模型进行分段动态化权值处理,构建动态PI迟滞模型描述非共振EVC装置各轴向输入电压与输出位移的关系。通过对迟滞模型的求逆建立非共振EVC装置的前馈控制器,为进一步提高控制系统的精度与稳定性,引入PID反馈环节,用前馈逆控制器加PID反馈的复合控制方法控制非共振EVC装置各轴向输出指定频率、幅值的正弦位移,进而使其合成的椭圆振动轨迹运动频率、轴长和倾角满足需求,实现对非共振EVC装置的控制。试验结果表明,非共振EVC装置在复合控制下能够在频率100Hz以下输出振幅、倾角可调,且运动误差低于3.5%的椭圆振动轨迹。     

Coordinated optical and Yohkoh observations of 26 June 1992 flare loops

Optical spectra of large flare loops were detected by the Ondejov Multichannel Flare Spectrograph (MFS) during coordinated observations with MSDP at Pic du Midi (H) and the soft X-ray telescope (SXT) on Yohkoh. The CCD video images taken by the MFS slit-jaw camera document the time-development of the flare loops as seen through the H filter. Preliminary analysis of the MSDP images shows the intensity structure of the cool flare loops and their velocity fields. From the spectra we can clearly see the intensity variations along the cool loops. SXT images show the structure of hot X-ray loops similar to that of cool loops. Special attention is devoted to the bright tops, simultaneously observed in X-rays, H and other optical lines. Based on a preliminary analysis of the optical spectra, we speculate about possible mechanisms leading to an observed bright emission at the tops of cool loops. We suggest that direct soft X-ray irradiation of cool loops at their tops could be, at least partly, responsible for such a strong brightening.     

Microwave Diagnostics of Dynamic Processes and Oscillations in Groups of Solar Coronal Magnetic Loops

Low-frequency (LF) modulations of the solar microwave radiation (37 GHz) recorded at the Metsähovi Radio Observatory, are analyzed. Since the intensity of solar microwave radiation, produced by the electron gyrosynchrotron mechanism, is dependent on a value of the background magnetic field [Dulk, G. A.: 1985, Ann. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 23, 169–224], slow variations of the magnetic field associated with disturbances of the electric current in a radiating source, can modulate the intensity of the microwave radiation. The observed multi-track features of the LF spectra are interpreted as a signature of a complex multi-loop structure of the radiating source. Application of the equivalent electric circuit models of interacting loops allows to explain and reproduce the main dynamical features of the observed LF modulation dynamic spectra.     

微秒脉冲等离子体流动控制延迟效应研究

等离子体流动控制(PFC)能有效抑制翼型附面层分离,增加升力,推迟失速,应用前景广阔。流场的延迟效应是指采用PFC进行流动控制时,激励关闭后,流动控制效果仍存在的现象。本文对新型微秒脉冲介质阻挡放电(μs-DBD)的体积力和冲击波特性进行测试,并在此基础上开展风洞实验,进行流场的延迟效应研究,测试μs-DBD的延迟时间和参数影响规律。结果表明,μs-DBD能同时产生体积力和冲击波作用,同时也能在流场中产生明显的延迟效应,延迟时间不小于1200s,远大于毫秒脉冲介质阻挡放电(AC-DBD)产生的延迟时间(150s);激励电压和来流速度越大,翼型迎角越小,延迟效应越强;等离子体激励能使流场失稳分岔,并转变为更优的分岔解;延迟效应研究在节约能耗、延长激励器寿命、PFC控制律设计和风洞实验方法优化等方面有重要意义。