Conceptual study and key technology development for Mars Aeroflyby sample collection

Conceptual study of Mars Aeroflyby Sample Collection (MASC) is conducted as a part of the next Mars exploration mission currently entertained in Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency. In the mission scenario, an atmospheric entry vehicle is flown into the Martian atmosphere, collects the Martian dust particles as well as atmospheric gases during the guided hypersonic flight, exits the Martian atmosphere, and is inserted into a parking orbit from which a return system departs for the earth to deliver the dust and gas samples. In order to accomplish a controlled flight and a successful orbit insertion, aeroassist orbit transfer technologies are introduced into the guidance and control system. System analysis is conducted to assess the feasibility and to make a conceptual design, finding that the MASC system is feasible at the minimum system mass of 600 kg approximately. The aerogel, which is one of the candidates for the dust sample collector, is assessed by arcjet heating tests to examine its behavior when exposed to high-temperature gases, as well as by particle impingement tests to evaluate its dust capturing capability.     

航天器总装过程特种车辆运输问题的研究

文章针对航天器总装过程所涉及的特种车辆转运问题进行研究。通过对特种车辆种类和航天器各平台总装涉及特种车辆数量分析,提出集装箱运输方案并对集装箱进行设计、实施,取得了良好效果,同时指出集装箱化运输也是航天器工装运输的趋势。     

高速飞行器热结构工作时变模态参数辨识

高速飞行器由于其很高的飞行速度而无可避免地受到气动加热作用的影响,进而引起结构特性的时变。采用理论或有限元方法(FEM)进行数值分析,难以获取反映结构在飞行(工作)状态下的真实模态参数。通过辨识获取高速飞行器热环境下的时变结构模态参数是一项十分具有挑战性的任务。针对此问题,引入参数化时频域的最大似然方法,对气动加热作用下的高速飞行器升力面结构的时变模态参数进行了辨识。通过模拟真实飞行状态的数值算例研究,说明参数化时频域的最大似然方法能够很好地辨识出低信噪比(SNR)情况下的模态频率和模态振型,验证了参数化时频域最大似然方法适用于具有显著时变特征的高速飞行器热结构的时变结构模态参数辨识,可为将来相关的工程研究和应用提供良好的理论支持。     

再入飞行器和模型转换雷诺数计算

本文采用近似的激波关系、球锥体压力分布、平衡气体状态方程、边界层厚度计算公式及转捩准则等,按照流管法计算了4种再入飞行器的外流转捩雷诺数和转捩距离,并给出了高硅氧、碳石英、碳碳球锥模型的转捩雷诺数范围,对再入飞行器和模型的计算结果作了分析和比较。     

Evasion guidance algorithms for air-breathing hypersonic vehicles in three-player pursuit-evasion games

In practical combat scenario, the cooperative intercept strategies are often carefully designed, and it is challenging for the hypersonic vehicles to achieve successful evasion. Based on the analysis, it can be found that if several Successive Pursuers come from the Same Direction (SPSD) and flight with a proper spacing, the evasion difficulty may increase greatly. To address this problem, we focus on the evasion guidance strategy design for the Air-breathing Hypersonic Vehicles (AHVs) under the SPSD combat scenario. In order to avoid the induced influence on the scramjet, altitude and speed of the vehicle, the lateral maneuver and evasion are employed. To guarantee the remnant maneuver ability, the concept of specified miss distance is introduced and utilized to generate the guidance command for the AHV. In the framework of constrained optimal control, the analytical expression of the evasion command is derived, and the constraints of the overload can be ensured to be never violated. In fact, by analyzing the spacing of the pursers, it can be classified whether the cooperative pursuit is formed. For the coordination-unformed multiple pursers, the evasion can be achieved lightly by the proposed strategy. If the coordination is formed, the proposed method will generate a large reverse direction maneuver, and the successful evasion can be maintained as a result. The performance of the proposed algorithms is tested in numerical simulations.     

分析计算航天飞机气动系数的边界元局部方法

空间运载工具设计阶段为分析比较不同外形高超音速各流动领域的性能,广泛应用局部方法。在其原始形式下,形状函数计算繁复,并限于简单几何外形组成的轴对称体。用边界元局部方法进行形状函数计算,可免去原局部方法面积分的繁复和藉助表格的局限。对STS-1轨道飞行器外形进行计算得到丁形状函数,并根据实验数据确定领域系数。由此计算出飞行器的法向力、轴向力和俯仰力矩系数,计算结果与实验数据相符。     

稀薄流航天器鼻锥迎风凹腔气动力和气动热性能研究

本文采用直接模拟蒙特卡罗(DSMC)方法,对高超声速稀薄流中航天器鼻锥迎风凹腔气动力与气动热性能进行了数值研究。得到了鼻锥外壁面、凹腔侧壁面以及凹腔底面的热流密度分布,分析了不同凹腔深宽比对鼻锥冷却效率以及凹腔腔体内气体参数的影响;以深宽比为1的凹腔为基准,研究了凹腔唇口钝化半径对航天器气动热与气动力的影响。数值结果表明,高超声速稀薄流中迎风凹腔能够降低鼻锥外壁面的热流密度;当凹腔深宽比达到1之后,凹腔侧壁面热流变化趋于一致,热流密度最低点的轴向位置不随深宽比改变,且凹腔底部热流很小;凹腔近底部气体均由稀薄流转化为连续流,腔内气体压力不断振荡;唇口钝化没有明显优势,虽然可以降低鼻锥峰值热流,但是会带来严重的气动力性能下降。     

基于NFTET的高超声速飞行器再入容错制导

针对以X-33为对象的三自由度高超声速飞行器,采用相邻可行轨迹存在定理(NFTET)设计了容错制导律以解决再入段执行器发生故障的轨迹重构问题。在标称情况下采用预测校正算法生成满足再入过程约束和终端约束要求的再入轨迹;当执行器发生故障时,飞行器气动参数、结构和舵面力矩都可能发生不可预测的变化,原先的轨迹不再满足制导要求,因此需要设计新型容错制导律。针对实际再入制导模型,基于NFTET设计容错制导算法对轨迹进行重构,得到满足故障情况下制导任务的可行轨迹。从仿真结果中可以看出,容错制导算法生成的新轨迹重新回到了约束范围之内,轨迹呈收敛趋势,使得高超声速飞行器从故障恢复到正常飞行状态,提高了飞行器的自主容错能力。     

Adaptive accurate tracking control of HFVs in the presence of dead-zone and hysteresis input nonlinearities

A novel accurate tracking controller is developed for the longitudinal dynamics of Hypersonic Flight Vehicles (HFVs) in the presence of large model uncertainties, external disturbances and actuator nonlinearities. Distinct from the state-of-the-art, besides being continuity, no restrictive conditions have been imposed on the HFVs dynamics. The system uncertainties are skillfully handled by being seen as bounded “disturbance terms”. In addition, by means of back-stepping adaptive technique, the accurate tracking (i.e. tracking errors converge to zero as time approaches infinity) rather than bounded tracking (i.e. tracking errors converge to residual sets) has been achieved. What’s more, the accurate tracking problems for HFVs subject to actuator dead-zone and hysteresis are discussed, respectively. Then, all signals of closed-loop system are verified to be Semi-Global Uniformly Ultimate Boundness (SGUUB). Finally, the efficacy and superiority of the developed control strategy are confirmed by simulation results.     

高超声速条件下星光传输模拟方法与仿真

以高超声速飞行器为研究对象,建立了高速流场下的星光传输模拟仿真方法,定性、定量地研究平台气动光学效应对星光导航的影响。采用基于k-ω/SST两方程湍流模型的雷诺平均法计算星敏感器安装在飞行器不同位置处（头部、中部和尾部）的外流场密度分布,进而得到流场的空间折射率分布。在此基础上,利用几何光学法计算星光由高速层流流场引起的光程差、点扩散函数、像偏移等光学传输效应,得出经过层流流场的星光降晰图。同时运用统计光学理论计算高速湍流流场引起的星光出瞳面的波像差、密度均方差、相位均方差、Strehl比等光学传输效应,得出经过湍流流场的星光降晰图。仿真结果与理论分析吻合,从而为研究星光在高超声速流场中传输的机理提供了可靠的技术手段。