低压储能的升浮一体飞行器总体参数研究

升浮一体飞行器是一种综合了太阳能无人机和平流层飞艇特点的新型临近空间飞行器,是航空航天领域研究的热点,可再生燃料电池是升浮一体飞行器最有发展前景的储能装置。针对现有燃料电池中氢气和氧气存储方式的缺陷,充分利用升浮一体飞行器巨大的机身体积,提出了采用低压气囊储气的燃料电池方案,建立了升浮一体飞行器总体参数计算模型,提出常规燃料电池和气囊储气燃料电池的理论计算方法。研究了不同储气方式对升浮一体飞行器的能源系统以及飞行器总体参数的影响。研究表明,采用低压储气方法后,氢气的质量储气密度可提高至13.0%,燃料电池存储能量为1 489.7 kWh条件下,能量密度可达到1 000 Wh/kg以上,对减小升浮一体飞行器总重和外形尺寸、提高飞行器载荷能力有显著作用。     

面对称重复使用运载器尾部喷流风洞试验

研究面对称重复使用运载器尾部发动机的喷流干扰特性对于飞行器设计具有重要意义。在中国航天空气动力技术研究院的FD-12风洞中开展了亚/跨声速飞行条件下的喷流试验。试验使用常温压缩空气作为喷流介质模拟发动机的高温燃气,采用的相似参数包括：飞行器的几何外形尺寸、飞行器的飞行马赫数、发动机喷管的出口马赫数、发动机喷流与自由来流静压比。试验结果表明了发动机喷流对全飞行器气动特性和体襟翼铰链力矩的影响随来流马赫数、喷管、体襟翼偏角等因素的变化规律。     

吸气式高超声速飞行器鲁棒反演控制器设计

针对吸气式高超声速飞行器气动／推进／结构弹性耦合控制问题,提出了鲁棒反演控制器设计方法。采用反演和动态逆方法设计虚拟控制量和实际控制量,通过引入一阶低通滤波器来获取虚拟控制量的导数,解决了虚拟控制量求导复杂问题;为了增强控制器的鲁棒性,采用充分光滑投影算子对模型非匹配不确定项进行估计和补偿,同时避免了可能出现的参数漂移问题。仿真结果表明,该控制器对模型气动参数拟合误差、攻角和升降舵偏角摄动、气动弹性影响具有鲁棒性,对速度指令和高度指令具有很好的跟踪效果。     

临近空间大气压力传感器现场校准装置研究

本文针对临近空间大气压力传感器现场校准需求,介绍了临近空间大气压力传感器现场校准装置工作原理, 进行理论分析与仿真,提出需突破的关键技术,给出了不确定度预估。     

有翼再入飞行器的超/高超声速气动力工程方法

有翼再入飞行器气动力的工程计算方法尚有待进一步完善,计算精度有待进一步提高。文章根据有翼再入飞行器的气动布局特点,改进和发展了一套适于其气动布局的部件划分策略和压强计算选取准则。以此对航天飞机轨道器和类X-34飞行器的纵向气动力特性进行工程计算,并与其风洞试验和数值模拟结果进行对比分析。结果表明,文中的工程计算方法在马赫数3以上的超/高超声速范围内可准确预测有翼再入飞行器的升阻特性,其中升力系数和阻力系数误差小于10%;并可准确预测俯仰力矩特性随迎角改变的变化规律。与现有方法相比,文中的部件划分策略和压强计算选取准则在升阻特性精度相当情况下,可明显提高俯仰力矩的预测精度,并反映飞行器表面的压强分布特征。     

新能源汽车电机发展趋势及测试评价研究

为缓解能源短缺与环境污染问题,新能源汽车得到了迅速发展、推广,并成为当今汽车产业的重要研究方向。以新能源汽车电机的种类及国内外新能源汽车电机选型应用情况出发,对新能源汽车电机的发展趋势和对评价有关的测试项目作了分析研究。     

Prospects of sea launches for Chinese cryogenic liquid-fueled medium-lift launch vehicles

This paper introduces the sea-launch technology of a cryogenic liquid-fueled medium-lift rocket. It first reviews the current state of sea launch technology, and then gives a brief introduction of China’s New Generation Medium-lift Launch Vehicle (NGMLV). The innovations in the NGMVL, such as responsive test and launch control, a H³ launch model, and unmanned operations, provide convenience for sea launches. Based on these innovations, this paper proposes a sea launch scheme, including the system configuration, test and launch processes, and an improved adaptive design for the rocket. Then, the launch platform is discussed in detail, which integrates the functions of sea transportation, assembly and test, as well as technical and launch areas. The layout and function divisions, fluid filling, gas supply and distribution systems, and lossless storage technology of LH2 are described in order. This breakthrough in sea launch technology will enable China to launch medium and large satellites and constellations ‘both on land and sea’, especially into low-inclination Low-Earth Orbits (LEOs), and it allows China to remain competitive in the fast-paced space industry.     

高性能飞机发展对控制理论的挑战

根据笔者30余年来飞行试验研究的实践,从实际飞行的角度简要综述了影响飞行安全的大迎角过失速机动、超低空重载空投、飞行器突发故障和无人机控制方法研究。描述了操纵稳定性飞行试验获取飞机模型的手段和通常飞行控制器设计对模型的近似,给出了8个飞行鲁棒控制的研究问题;对超低空重载空投控制方法进行了描述,并给出了飞行器出现故障时突变模型和容错控制方法;同时,描述了测量对飞行控制特别是对保障无人机飞行安全的重要性,指出了飞行控制方法研究存在的部分问题,并建议有关高校研究单位从稳定性很好的四旋翼转向固定翼或单旋翼战术无人机等高层次研究。     

UAV navigation in high dynamic environments: A deep reinforcement learning approach

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) navigation is aimed at guiding a UAV to the desired destinations along a collision-free and efficient path without human interventions, and it plays a crucial role in autonomous missions in harsh environments. The recently emerging Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) methods have shown promise for addressing the UAV navigation problem, but most of these methods cannot converge due to the massive amounts of interactive data when a UAV is navigating in high dynamic environments, where there are numerous obstacles moving fast. In this work, we propose an improved DRL-based method to tackle these fundamental limitations. To be specific, we develop a distributed DRL framework to decompose the UAV navigation task into two simpler sub-tasks, each of which is solved through the designed Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) based DRL network by using only part of the interactive data. Furthermore, a clipped DRL loss function is proposed to closely stack the two sub-solutions into one integral for the UAV navigation problem. Extensive simulation results are provided to corroborate the superiority of the proposed method in terms of the convergence and effectiveness compared with those of the state-of-the-art DRL methods.