吸气式高超声速技术研究进展

总结了中国空气动力研究与发展中心(CARDC)在吸气式高超声速技术在试验设备、超燃冲压发动机、数值模拟以及机体/推进一体化飞行器等方面的研究进展。介绍了三种类型的高焓设备:脉冲式燃烧加热风洞、连续式燃烧加热风洞和电弧风洞。通过多种尺度的超燃冲压发动机的直连式和自由射流式试验,获得了发动机的基本性能及其随油气比、喷孔位置等的变化规律。对比连续式和脉冲式风洞试验结果,得知工作时间大于100 ms的脉冲式燃烧设备是开展发动机基本性能研究的经济、高效试验手段。成功研制了三维大规模并行数值模拟软件平台AHL3D并广泛应用于发动机研究。在0.6 m风洞中,完成了1.5 m带动力飞行器试验,获得了发动机工作和不工作状态下的飞行器推阻及升力特性。     

高超声速再入体烧蚀流场计算分析

从化学非平衡NS方程或其简化形式(粘性激波层方程、PNS方程)出发,求解高超声速再入体的绕流和底部尾流流场。首先讨论了碳基材料烧蚀壁面条件的确定方法,计算了包含和不包含碳-碳烧蚀产物的再入体半球的化学反应绕流流场,并和文献结果进行了对比。在此基础上,计算了两个高度条件下,包含和不包含碳-酚醛烧蚀产物的再入小钝锥的绕流和尾流流场,分析了烧蚀产物对流场电子数密度、温度等流动参数的影响。     

Reliable flight performance assessment of multirotor based on interacting multiple model particle filter and health degree

Multirotor has been applied to many military and civilian mission scenarios. From the perspective of reliability, it is difficult to ensure that multirotors do not generate hardware and software failures or performance anomalies during the flight process. These failures and anomalies may result in mission interruptions, crashes, and even threats to the lives and property of human beings. Thus, the study of flight reliability problems of multirotors is conductive to the development of the drone industry and has theoretical significance and engineering value. This paper proposes a reliable flight performance assessment method of multirotors based on an Interacting Multiple Model Particle Filter (IMMPF) algorithm and health degree as the performance indicator. First, the multirotor is modeled by the Stochastic Hybrid System (SHS) model, and the problem of reliable flight performance assessment is formulated. In order to solve the problem, the IMMPF algorithm is presented to estimate the real-time probability distribution of hybrid state of the established SHS-based multirotor model, since it can decrease estimation errors compared with the standard interacting multiple model algorithm based on extended Kalman filter. Then, the reliable flight performance is assessed with health degree based on the estimation result. Finally, a case study of a multirotor suffering from sensor anomalies is presented to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

冷却剂/氧化剂组合式SteamJet发动机特性

为了系统深入地研究冷却剂/氧化剂组合式射流预冷却涡轮发动机(SteamJet)的发动机特性,建立了射流预冷却的热交换系统计算、物性修正计算、发动机部件特性修正计算和含氧化剂的燃烧室计算的数学模型,在此基础上,建立了基于双轴混排加力式涡扇发动机的SteamJet发动机性能计算模型,并编制了相应的计算程序。初步设计了SteamJet发动机的最大加力状态控制规律,计算分析了SteamJet发动机在不同冷却剂/氧化剂配比下沿飞行轨道的特性,并据此提出了影响冷却剂/氧化剂配比选择的主要因素;对冷却剂/氧化剂组合式SteamJet发动机进行了高度速度特性的计算和分析。结果表明,与喷水预冷却的SteamJet发动机相比,冷却剂/氧化剂组合式SteamJet发动机具有更好的燃烧稳定性和推力特性,能够满足高超声速飞行的需求。     

高速飞行器热结构工作时变模态参数辨识

高速飞行器由于其很高的飞行速度而无可避免地受到气动加热作用的影响,进而引起结构特性的时变。采用理论或有限元方法(FEM)进行数值分析,难以获取反映结构在飞行(工作)状态下的真实模态参数。通过辨识获取高速飞行器热环境下的时变结构模态参数是一项十分具有挑战性的任务。针对此问题,引入参数化时频域的最大似然方法,对气动加热作用下的高速飞行器升力面结构的时变模态参数进行了辨识。通过模拟真实飞行状态的数值算例研究,说明参数化时频域的最大似然方法能够很好地辨识出低信噪比(SNR)情况下的模态频率和模态振型,验证了参数化时频域最大似然方法适用于具有显著时变特征的高速飞行器热结构的时变结构模态参数辨识,可为将来相关的工程研究和应用提供良好的理论支持。     

Modeling novel methodologies for unmanned aerial systems–Applications to the UAS-S4 Ehecatl and the UAS-S45 Bálaam

The rising demand for Unmanned Aerial Systems(UASs) to perform tasks in hostile environments has emphasized the need for their simulation models for the preliminary evaluations of their missions. The efficiency of the UAS model is directly related to its capacity to estimate its flight dynamics with minimum computational resources. The literature describes several techniques to estimate accurate aircraft flight dynamics. Most of them are based on system identification. This paper presents an alternative methodology to obtain complete model of the S4 and S45 unmanned aerial systems. The UAS-S4 and the UAS-S45 models were divided into four sub-models, each corresponding to a specific discipline: aerodynamics, propulsion, mass and inertia, and actuator. The‘‘aerodynamic\" sub-model was built using the Fderivatives in-house code, which is an improvement of the classical DATCOM procedure. The ‘‘propulsion\" sub-model was obtained by coupling a two-stroke engine model based on the ideal Otto cycle and a Blade Element Theory(BET) analysis of the propeller. The ‘‘mass and the inertia\" sub-model was designed utilizing the Raymer and DATCOM methodologies. A sub-model of an actuator using servomotor characteristics was employed to complete the model. The total model was then checked by validation of each submodel with numerical and experimental data. The results indicate that the obtained model was accurate and could be used to design a flight simulator.     

基于激光多普勒测速仪的车载捷联惯导系统行进间快速对准方法研究

在载体线运动状态下,单纯依靠捷联惯组自身的测量是无法实现自主对准的,此时传统的粗对准方法误差大甚至不可用。本文设计了一种基于激光多普勒测速仪的行进间快速对准方法,理论分析表明,通过对传统惯性系对准算法中加入速度及加速度修正项完全可以实现载体存在非周期线运动情况下的快速对准。仿真结果表明,在激光多普勒测速仪测速精度在0.5%、输出速度更新频率在20Hz的情况下,输出对准姿态角在150s以内即可收敛到稳态值,横摇角和俯仰角误差在25″以内,航向角误差在0.03°以内,可以满足一定精度范围内的快速对准需求,也可以为后续的精对准过程提供较为准确的初始姿态。     

输出重定义的高超声速飞行器鲁棒自适应控制律设计

针对一个吸气式高超声速飞行器模型,研究了其鲁棒自适应控制方法并进行了稳定性分析。针对高超声速飞行器的非最小相位特征,通过输出重定义的方法使非最小相位系统的不稳定零动态变为渐近稳定。采用反馈线性化方法设计控制器,实现对速度信号和航迹角信号的稳定跟踪,同时采用切换控制方法消除系统不确定性带来的影响,提高系统的鲁棒性。稳定性分析结果证明系统具有公共李雅普诺夫函数,且所有状态量均能收敛到原点附近的一个小邻域内。仿真结果表明,所设计的控制系统能够有效跟踪参考轨迹,且在给定的有界连续不规则变化模型不确定性和外界干扰范围内也具有良好的跟踪性能。     

临近空间高超声速目标滑跃式轨迹Sine-AIMM跟踪算法

针对单一的Sine模型算法无法与临近空间高超声速目标滑跃式轨迹准确匹配,现有的交互多模型(IMM)算法跟踪效果也不够理想的问题,提出一种基于多重贝叶斯准则的自适应交互式多Sine模型(Sine-AIMM)临近空间高超声速滑跃式目标跟踪算法.算法采用多个Sine模型对滑跃式轨迹进行匹配,并利用多重贝叶斯准则在线调整各模型...