Fault-tolerant control with mixed aerodynamic surfaces and RCS jets for hypersonic reentry vehicles

This paper proposes a fault-tolerant strategy for hypersonic reentry vehicles with mixed aerodynamic surfaces and reaction control systems (RCS) under external disturbances and subject to actuator faults. Aerodynamic surfaces are treated as the primary actuator in normal situations, and they are driven by a continuous quadratic programming (QP) allocator to generate torque com-manded by a nonlinear adaptive feedback control law. When aerodynamic surfaces encounter faults, they may not be able to provide sufficient torque as commanded, and RCS jets are activated to augment the aerodynamic surfaces to compensate for insufficient torque. Partial loss of effective-ness and stuck faults are considered in this paper, and observers are designed to detect and identify the faults. Based on the fault identification results, an RCS control allocator using integer linear programming (ILP) techniques is designed to determine the optimal combination of activated RCS jets. By treating the RCS control allocator as a quantization element, closed-loop stability with both continuous and quantized inputs is analyzed. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

The effects of proton radiation on UHMWPE material properties for space flight and medical applications

Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE) is a polymer widely used as a radiation shielding material in space flight applications and as a bearing material in total joint replacements. As a long chain hydrocarbon based polymer, UHMWPE’s material properties are influenced by radiation exposure, and prior studies show that gamma irradiation is effective for both medical sterilization and increased wear resistance in total joint replacement applications. However, the effects of space flight radiation types and doses on UHMWPE material properties are poorly understood. In this study, three clinically relevant grades of UHMWPE (GUR 1020, GUR 1050, and GUR 1020 blended with Vitamin E) were proton irradiated and tested for differences in material properties. Each of the three types of UHMWPE was irradiated at nominal doses of 0 Gy (control), 5 Gy, 10 Gy, 20 Gy, and 35 Gy. Following irradiation, uniaxial tensile testing and thermal testing using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) were performed. Results show small but significant changes in several material properties between the control (0 Gy) and 35 Gy samples, indicating that proton irradiation could have a effect on the long term performance of UHMWPE in both medical and space flight applications.     

High-resolution simulation for rotorcraft aerodynamics in hovering and vertical descending flight using a hybrid method

A high-resolution simulation tool for rotorcraft aerodynamics is developed by coupling CFD with a Vorticity Transport Model (VTM). An Eulerian-based CFD module is used to model the blade near body flowfield, and a Lagrangian-based VTM module is employed for vortex tracking in the far wake. The coupling procedure is implemented by transmitting vortex sources to the VTM module and feeding boundary conditions back to the CFD module. The presented CFD/VTM hybrid solver is firstly validated by hover cases of three different rotor configurations. Simulation results, including the blade surface pressure distribution, rotor downwash, and hover figure of merit, exhibit favorable correlations with available experimental data. Then, a rotor operated in vertical descending flight with a fixed collective pitch is investigated. It is shown that the CFD/VTM coupling method is suitable for rotor wake simulation. Wake instabilities (far wake breakdown in hover and toroidal wake pattern in the vortex ring state) are successfully demonstrated with a moderate computational cost.     

国外高超声速技术计划回顾与展望

回顾了近年来国外高超声速技术发展计划，总结了这些国家开展的飞行演示试验及地面试验的最新进展。     

轻型飞行模拟器并联机构约束检验算法的研究

采用6-3UPS边置式座舱结构的轻型飞行模拟器,其工作空间受约束条件的限制。在数学描述的基础上,对影响工作空间的各项约束检验算法进行研究,并分析约束条件下轻型飞行模拟器的工作空间,为控制算法的研究提供依据。     

A Problem of choosing an optimal number of information unmanned aerial vehicles

Using formalism of the queueing theory, we propose two-objective models for optimizing the number of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) designed for remote monitoring (reconnaissance) of certain regions. A model that takes into account the UAV failure in performing a flight mission is considered. The numerical method and examples of solving problems stated are presented.     

国内外航空乘务员招聘比较与探讨

从国内外航空公司乘务员的招聘过程中,比较各公司对乘务员要求和待遇上的差异,分析这些差异在实际工作中的表现和产生的效果。提醒国内航空公司更多的切实的关注乘务员的综合素质和真正的价值。     

飞机的控制能力分析方法研究

引入飞机控制能力的概念,以描述飞机在执行器出现故障时,舵面仍能提供控制力和力矩,保证飞机一定飞行品质要求的能力;提出用有限控制量分配的方法进行飞机控制能力分析,给出一种加权序列二次规划的有限控制量分配方法,从而保证在控制量分配时,可以满足设计者限定不同操纵效率器作用的主观要求,实例计算表明所提方法具有可行性。     

远程星际航行补篇

通过一系列变量置换推导出不同喷气速度和不同加速度条件下,计算恒星际飞船加速段的时间和距离的普遍公式及多级火箭加速情况下加速段的时间和距离的公式。最后以天狼星作为航行目标、计算了用5级和10级火箭加速飞行的时间和距离。结果表明,当火箭的级数很多,且各级加速度相等时,其飞行时间与距离非常接近匀加速飞行的情况。     

多体全自由飞过程的数值模拟

以三维非结构粘性直角网格重构为构架,数值求解了固定空间网格瞬间运动边界的N-S方程,逼近了流场的非定常过程,结合六自由度的弹道方程,对单体或多体运动过程进行了全自由飞数值模拟,数值模拟结果和级间分离的风洞自由飞试验进行了对比,初步的计算结果说明,全自由飞数值模拟在一定程度上可以描述风洞试验的飞行轨迹,并且适应能力更强,整个全自由飞数值模拟系统可以为更复杂的单体机动飞行或多体运动过程提供快速实用的数值模拟方法.