基于静态输出反馈的大型飞机横航向控制综合

由于广泛采用轻质材料,大型飞机的结构柔性使得控制系统和结构动力学之间存在不可避免的耦合现象,控制器设计必须同时考虑结构柔性对系统反馈的贡献,并满足飞行品质、鲁棒性等目标.提出了一种利用刚体飞行动力学模型和包含弹性模态的高阶模型设计满足多种目标的控制器综合方法,首先由刚体模型设计静态输出反馈参数,满足动态响应、飞行品质和抑制阵风扰动等要求,在此基础上利用已获得的静态反馈参数针对高阶模型设计H_∞回路成形控制器,实现对结构模态的抑制,并满足系统的鲁棒性需求.仿真结果表明:设计方法能够充分利用包含弹性模态的大型飞机飞行动力学模型的特点,满足结构模态抑制和鲁棒稳定裕度等多种需求.      

机翼结构有限元的快速建模及自动化调整

为提高总体设计的质量和效率,研究了在OpenCADS(Open Conceptual Aircraft Design System)这一按照面向对象方式进行数据组织的计算机辅助飞机总体设计系统中进行飞机机翼结构有限元快速建模及自动化调整的措施.提出了采用梁单元和壳单元进行概念设计中机翼结构有限元的等效处理方法,定义了以翼肋为标定的结构有限元节点及各单元的编号规则,设计了相关的数据类组织与应用逻辑,以此为基础实现了机翼结构有限元模型的自动化调整,为概念设计阶段进行多学科设计优化奠定了基础.通过设计实例及其应用验证了方法的有效性和可靠性.      

一种起落架载荷谱相似性判别方法

起落架结构的寿命监控对保障其安全性与经济性具有重要作用,但由于地面谱复杂的高低载荷非线性交互作用,难以准确计算单机谱的损伤。以当量损伤计算方法为基础,通过对寿命监控中的单机谱进行初步筛选,判别单机谱与基准谱的相似程度,进而分析损伤计算方法的适用性。提出了一种基于时间序列分析中的动态时间弯曲方法的起落架载荷谱相似性判别方法,进行了基准谱与4个单机谱下的疲劳实验,通过分析损伤计算误差与起落架载荷谱相似距离的关系,验证所提载荷谱相似性判别方法的合理性。      

全局最优导向模糊布谷鸟搜索算法及应用

针对标准布谷鸟搜索算法探索能力强而开发能力较弱、收敛速度慢及计算精度较差等问题,提出了具有全局最优导向的模糊布谷鸟搜索算法。在鸟窝更新公式中引入全局最优导向策略,在产生新的鸟窝位置时利用到当前最优鸟窝位置信息,以保持鸟窝的多样性并提高算法的开发能力。另外,采用模糊逻辑规则对布谷鸟算法中的搜索步长和外来鸟蛋被发现概率这2个重要参数进行自适应调整,以提高算法的全局收敛性能和求解精度。通过2个经典结构可靠性分析极限状态方程测试该算法的性能,并将其应用于某飞机舱门锁定机构可靠性分析中。实验结果表明,与粒子群算法、标准布谷鸟搜索算法和改进布谷鸟搜索算法相比,所提出的全局最优导向模糊布谷鸟搜索算法在进行可靠性分析中,能够有效地提高解的精度并增加收敛速度,寻优效果更优。      

利于减少配平损失的太阳能飞机构型设计

针对具有静稳定性的太阳能飞机一般采用尾翼配平造成气动配平损失的问题,提出了一种“T”构型太阳能飞机。概述该太阳能飞机的总体构型,分析该构型飞机巡航状态下降低重心的自配平原理,建立能量平衡和质量分析模型,给出适合于该构型太阳能飞机的概念设计方法,并优化构型设计参数。结果表明,“T”构型太阳能飞机不仅具有静稳定性,还降低了配平损失。在巡航状态下,“T”构型太阳能飞机单位面积平飞需用功率比常规构型太阳能飞机减少了6.2%,具有明显的应用效果。      

Prediction of shock-layer ultraviolet radiation for hypersonic vehicles in near space

A systemic and validated model was developed to predict ultraviolet spectra features from the shock layer of near-space hypersonic vehicles in the ‘‘solar blind" band region. Computational procedures were performed with 7-species thermal non-equilibrium fluid mechanics, finite rate chemistry, and radiation calculations. The thermal non-equilibrium flow field was calculated with a two-temperature model by the finite volume technique and verified against the bow-shock ultra-violet(BSUV) flight experiments. The absorption coefficient of the mixture gases was evaluated with a line-by-line method and validated through laboratory shock tube measurements. Using the line of sight(LOS) method, radiation was calculated from three BSUV flights at altitudes of 38,53.5 and 71 km. The investigation focused on the level and structure of ultraviolet spectra radiated from a NO band system in wavelengths of 200–400 nm. Results predicted by the current model show qualitative spatial agreement with the measured data. At a velocity of 3.5 km/s(about Mach11), the peak absolute intensity at an altitude of 38 km is two orders of magnitude higher than that at 53.5 km. Under the same flight conditions, the spectra structures have quite a similar distribution at different viewing angles. The present computational model performs well in the prediction of the ultraviolet spectra emitted from the shock layer and will contribute to the investigation and analysis of radiative features of hypersonic vehicles in near space.     

飞机研制的计量保障探讨

计量保障是飞机研制的重要技术基础,本文分析了飞机研制的计量保障需求,探讨了计量保障工作的思路和要点。     

基于能量的飞机横侧向控制方法研究

结合偏差控制与总能量解耦思想,将总能量控制原理应用于飞机的横侧向控制,实现了滚转与偏航模态解耦及偏航角、侧滑角的无稳差控制。对某型运输机典型飞行状态进行了横侧向解耦控制律设计和仿真,仿真结果表明,基于飞机纵向总能量控制同样能用于飞机的横侧向飞行控制,较好地实现了偏航角和侧滑角的信号跟踪及滚转与偏航模态的解耦。     

舰载机智能复飞决策技术研究

为了进一步改进复飞技术,针对复飞环境,提出了一种在原军用推力操纵的基础上,加入具有保持迎角恒定的升降舵模糊控制的复飞系统,从而有效地增强了低动压状态下飞机的机动能力。给出了复飞决策准则,设计了基于模糊控制的复飞决策系统,并对具有该复飞决策系统的舰载机自动着舰导引系统进行了仿真验证。结果表明,该复飞决策系统明显地缩小了复飞边界区,大大提高了着舰和复飞的安全性,可实现自动复飞,减轻了飞行员的负担。     

Multi-frequency RCS Reduction Characteristics of Shape Stealth with MLFMA with Improved MMN

Three new control factors are presented for calculating the multipole mode number (MMN) efficiently and precisely. The effects of these control factors on the number of integral samples and the precision of multilevel fast multipole algorithm (MLFMA) are investigated. A new approach based on control factors which is proven to be able to improve the computational efficiency and reduce the needed memory significantly as well as ensuring the proper precision. For three aircraft models, the improved MLFMA is employed to analyze their multi-frequency scattering characteristics. It is found that aircraft shape can influence radar cross section (RCS) in different frequency zones. Both the multi-frequency RCS reduction characteristics of shape stealth aircraft and the conventional aircraft with stealth design taken into account are investigated, and the results show that shape stealth exhibits significant RCS reduction in the resonance and high-frequency zones, and with a weaker influence in the Rayleigh zone. Compared with radar absorbing material (RAM), shape stealth yields a wider multi-frequency RCS reduction. The above-mentioned results can be applied to stealth design for multiple frequencies or even for all frequencies.