冲压发动机进气道不起动边界分析

不起动边界是超声速进气道研究的重要内容,它是进气道保护控制的基础和前提。针对这一问题,对冲压发动机进气道进行了不同边界条件下的数值模拟,对稳态流场结果进行了分析。基于仿真数据,利用量纲分析工具对进气道最大抗反压能力进行了分析,讨论并给出了两进气道流动的相似条件。分析结果表明:在不考虑攻角变化的条件下,进气道不起动边界主要与来流马赫数有关。     

高超声速飞行器无在线求导backstepping控制方法

针对高超声速飞行器纵向通道跟踪控制问题,提出一种无需对虚拟控制量进行在线求导的新型backstepping控制方法.首先将飞行器动力学模型划分为速度子系统和航迹倾角子系统,然后采用backstepping方法设计航迹倾角子系统控制器,利用高阶微分器技术直接设计虚拟控制量一阶导数的控制律,这样即避免了现有backstep...     

压气机中介机匣全流量工况特性的数值研究

为全面评价中介机匣性能,从上下游匹配角度,定义了中介机匣节流特性,提出从流动损失、出口畸变和流量阻塞三个方面在全流量工况范围内评估中介机匣的性能,并给出了相应性能参数表达式;在均匀和实际不均匀总压入口条件下,对某小型涡扇发动机压气机中介机匣流场进行数值计算,获取其全流量工况性能参数,并分析其流动机理。计算结果表明：中介机匣的出口总压损失和总压畸变程度随流量增加而增加;在实际不均匀进气条件下,流动损失和畸变程度均大于均匀进气条件;当中介机匣的设计流量和最大流量接近时,会造成压气机和中介机匣共同工作的阻塞流量明显减少。因此,对中介机匣进行性能评价时应考虑到实际的入口条件和非设计点的影响,在设计和选配中介机匣时应保证足够的流量裕度。     

Review on active thermal protection and its heat transfer for airbreathing hypersonic vehicles

Hypersonic vehicles with turbojet, ramjet, and scramjet engines are expected to be widely applied to future transportation systems. Due to high-speed flight in the atmosphere, body outer surfaces suffer strong aerodynamic heating, and on the other hand, combustion chamber inter walls are under extremely high temperature and heat flux. Therefore, more efficient and stable active cooling technologies are required in hypersonic vehicles, such as regenerative cooling, film cooling, and transpiration cooling, as well as their combinations. This paper presents a comprehensive literature review on three active cooling methods, i.e., regenerative cooling, film cooling, and transpiration cooling, and deeply analyzes the mechanism of each cooling method, including the fluids flow, heat transfer, and thermal cracking characteristics of different hydrocarbon fuels in regenerative cooling, the heat transfer and flow mechanism of film cooling under supersonic mainstream conditions, and the heat transfer and flow mechanism of transpiration cooling.     

Numerical simulation of compression corner flows at Mach number 9

A hypersonic vehicle encounters a wide range of conditions during its complete flight regime. These flight conditions may vary from low to high Mach numbers with varying angles of attack. The near-wall viscous dissipation associated with flows at combined high Mach and Reynolds numbers leads to significant wall heat transfer rates and shear stresses. The shock wave/boundary-layer interaction results in a flow separation region, which commonly augments total pressure losses in the flow and lowers the efficiency of aerodynamic control surfaces such as fins installed on a vehicle. The standard turbulence models, when used to resolve such flows, result in incorrect separation bubble size for large separated flows. Therefore, it results in an inaccurate aerodynamic load, such as the wall pressures, skin friction distribution, and heat transfer rate. In previous studies, the application of the shock-unsteadiness correction to the standard two-equation k-ω turbulence model improved the separation bubble size leading to an accurate pressure prediction and shock definition with the assumption of constant Prandtl number. In the present work, the new shock-unsteadiness modification to the k-ω turbulence model is applied to the hypersonic compression corner flows. This new model with variable Prandtl number is based on the model parameter, which depends upon the local density ratio. The computed wall pressures, heat flux and flow field are compared to the experimental data. A parametric study is carried out by varying compression deflection angles, free stream Reynolds number and wall temperatures to compute the flow field and wall data accurately, particularly in the shock boundary layer interaction region. The new shock-unsteadiness modified k-ω model with variable Prandtl number shows an accurate prediction of initial pressure rise location, pressure distribution in the plateau region and heat flux in comparison to the standard k-ω model.     

高超声速旋转体气动加热、辐射换热与结构热传导的耦合数值分析

采用流场-热-结构耦合的计算方法,耦合气动加热、辐射换热和结构热传导,互为边界条件进行同步计算,研究了旋转体高超声速的流场和固壁温度分布,并数值模拟了旋转体的外流场和固壁结构温度场的非定常过程。计算结果表明：该数值方法可行,能较好地模拟整个流场和温度场的物理变化过程。     

二元高超声速进气道内压缩通道/隔离段曲面构型

对于二元高超声速进气道内压缩通道及隔离段设计,提出了进气道下壁弧形曲面构型方案。在一系列不同收缩比、不同波系配置的平面构型进气道基础上,通过基于N-S方程的数值模拟研究了不同半径的弧形过渡曲面对进气道性能的影响。发现采用弧形曲面过渡可以削弱平面构型方案对气流不必要的膨胀,减小隔离段进口处上侧壁面高压,改善隔离段进口气流均匀性。新构型有助于降低起动马赫数,且弧形过渡半径越大,收缩比越大,降低的程度越明显;还可以大大提高进气道的总压恢复,无须最后一道内压激波打在下壁面肩点上即可获得较高的性能。     

带有执行器约束条件的模糊自适应反步控制

针对高超声速飞行器在飞行控制过程中存在外界干扰以及考虑执行器的动态特性等问题,结合飞行器纵向模型的特点,考虑舵的动态特性,分别设计了基于动态逆的速度控制器和基于指令滤波器采用Backstepping控制方法的高度控制器。模糊自适应系统用来在线辨识飞行器模型由于气动参数的变化而引起的不确定性。运用Lyapunov理论分析闭环系统的稳定性,证明了包含跟踪误差在内的所有信号满足半全局一致稳定。最后通过仿真对控制器的控制效果进行验证,得到了较为满意的控制效果。     

真实气体效应下高马赫数内转进气道特性研究

为初步研究高马赫数内转进气道在真实气体效应下的工作特性,首先设计额定工作状态Ma=12的高超声速内转进气道,再结合不同气体模型对其进行数值模拟。研究结果表明:化学非平衡气体在流场结构、工作性能和气动加热方面与热完全气体较为相近,与热化学非平衡气体存在一定差别。离解反应发生在边界层内和低速涡流区内,热化学非平衡气体的离解反应程度比化学非平衡气体大。在隔离段内激波反射处,相比完全气体,化学反应气体的静温降低了2000～2500K。高热流区在上壁面喉道位置与下壁面激波反射点位置附近,温度较高的等温壁面、热化学非平衡气体均可降低壁面热流密度,不同壁面条件对隔离段出口性能参数影响较为明显。真实气体效应、壁面温度对隔离段涡流区的影响较为复杂,有待进一步研究。     

叶型结冰计算及流场分析

叶型结冰会改变叶型原有的气动外形,影响气动特性。采用 FENSAP-ICE软件对 NACA0012翼型的 结冰进行数值计算,并与试验结果进行对比验证;对压气机进口导叶叶型进行二维结冰计算,并对数值计算结 果进行流场分析。结果表明:明冰对叶型的气动性能影响大于毛冰,叶型气动特性的衰退主要受分离区中上分 离涡的影响,叶型前缘上翘的明冰引起叶型尾部分离区域面积增大,强烈的分离涡导致结冰后叶型压力损失 增大。