单边膨胀喷管膨胀型面的非线性缩短设计

对单边膨胀喷管(SERN)型面进行非线性缩短设计,采用CFD技术分析了非线性缩短SERN性能。与理想喷管、线性缩短理想喷管性能对比发现:非线性缩短理想喷管的推力性能优于直接线性缩短理想喷管;NPR较大范围内,较理想喷管推力性能下降很小,最好时不足0.04%。非线性缩短SERN设计方法应用于截短理想喷管并与RAO喷管推力性能对比发现:完全膨胀时推力性能较RAO喷管只低0.7%;严重过膨胀状态NPR=40时,推力性能较RAO喷管高15.6%。     

高超声速飞行器的LPV变增益状态反馈H∞控制

针对高超声速飞行器模型高度非线性、强耦合的特点,提出了一种多胞形线性变参数系统（Linear Parameter Varying, LPV）变增益状态反馈H∞控制器的设计方法。首先在感兴趣的变参数轨迹上选取若干个平衡点进行雅克比线性化并拟合得到LPV模型,将其离散化后存储于一张量中,然后利用高阶奇异值分解（Higher Order Singular Value Decomposition, HOSVD）,舍去较小和等于0的奇异值及对应的特征向量对其进行降秩重构处理,得到了有限个LTI多胞顶点系统。在对各顶点进行状态反馈控制器设计时,为降低保守性,通过引入松弛变量,将Lyapunov函数矩阵与系统矩阵解耦,从而可以在不同的点使用不同的Lyapunov函数矩阵,以此得到依赖变参数进行增益在线调节的控制器。最后的仿真结果表明了所设计的控制器能够使系统较快地跟踪指令信号,并具有一定的鲁棒性能。     

助推-滑翔弹道高精度滑翔射程解析估算方法

针对目前高超声速滑翔弹道解析估算精度不高问题,提出一种基于高度变化特性的高精度滑翔射程解析估算方法。该方法首先从单位质量机械能的角度出发,建立滑翔射程与升阻比、初末速度间的解析式。在此基础上,利用准平衡滑翔条件,推导建立了滑翔高度随动能变化的平衡函数,并据此实现了对滑翔射程解析估算结果的修正,从而显著提高了实际飞行时速度倾角微小变化情况下的滑翔射程估算精度。最后与数值仿真弹道进行对比分析。结果表明,所提方法的滑翔射程解析估算误差小于1%,具有较高精度,可为高超声速远程滑翔弹道飞行性能分析、射程估算和在线弹道规划提供可靠的理论依据。     

增强高超声速化学反应流数值计算的稳定性方法

针对高超声速化学反应流数值模拟中包含源项对角化雅可比矩阵的数值格式稳定性很差的问题,在对采用上下对称的高斯-赛德尔(LU-SGS)格式的离散方程进行线性稳定性分析的基础上,提出一种依据流动状态对流场的块网格进行局部加密的方法,以增强流场数值计算稳定性。在高超声速流场中,对包含激波后亚声速高温区域的块网格给予加密,而其他区域中的块网格可以适当进行网格粗化或保持不变。算例结果表明,相比于初始网格,局部加密后的改进网格并不会产生过多的网格量,而且能够采用较大的柯朗-弗里德里奇-列维（CFL）数以达到数值求解过程中稳定计算和快速收敛的目的。     

Optimal diving maneuver strategy considering guidance accuracy for hypersonic vehicle

An optimal maneuver strategy considering terminal guidance accuracy for hypersonic vehicle in dive phase is investigated in this paper. First, it derives the complete three-dimensional nonlinear coupled motion equation without any approximations based on diving relative motion relationship directly, and converts it into linear decoupled state space equation with the same relative degree by feedback linearization. Second, the diving guidance law is designed based on the decoupled equation to meet the terminal impact point and falling angle constraints. In order to further improve the interception capability, it constructs maneuver control model through adding maneuver control item to the guidance law. Then, an integrated performance index consisting of maximum line-of-sight angle rate and minimum energy consumption is designed, and optimal control is employed to obtain optimal maneuver strategy when the encounter time is determined and undetermined, respectively. Furthermore, the performance index and suboptimal strategy are reconstructed to deal with the control capability constraint and the serous influence on terminal guidance accuracy caused by maneuvering flight. Finally, the approach is tested using the Common Aero Vehicle-H model. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed strategy can achieve high precision guidance and effective maneuver at the same time, and the indices are also optimized.     

高超声速复杂流动中的限制器效应数值仿真

从理论分析和数值计算两个方面,对计算流体动力学(CFD)计算中常见的几种MUSCL型迎风式限制器耗散特性进行了研究,包括superbee限制器、van Albada限制器和两种minmod限制器。首先从理论上证明minmod限制器可以是耗散性较小的压缩型限制器,前人关于minmod限制器完全是耗散型限制器的认识是不准确的。其次,通过NACA0012翼型绕流计算表明,限制器耗散特性会对数值计算收敛过程产生重要影响,耗散性越小,如superbee限制器,则收敛越困难。第三,通过一个有实验结果的24°压缩拐角高超声速复杂流动数值计算,进一步澄清了前人关于minmod限制器耗散特性的不准确认识,得到了与理论分析相一致的计算结果,即 minmod 限制器可以是耗散性比Albada限制器更小的压缩型限制器。计算结果表明,对于包含强激波的高超声速复杂流动,本文使用的minmod限制器比superbee限制器和van Albada限制器更容易满足稳定性和高精度的计算要求。     

Application of focused laser differential interferometer to hypersonic boundary-layer instability study

Accurate prediction of hypersonic boundary-layer transition plays an important role in thermal protection system design of hypersonic vehicles. Restricted by the capability of spatial diagnostics for hypersonic boundary-layer study, quite a lot of problems of hypersonic boundary-layer transition, such as nonlinearity and receptivity, remain outstanding. This work reports the application of focused laser differential interferometer to instability wave development across hypersonic boundary-layer on a flared cone model. To begin with, the focused laser differential interferometer is designed and set up in a Mach number 6 hypersonic quiet wind tunnel with the focal point in the laminar boundary-layer of a 5 degree half-angle flared cone model. Afterwards, instability experiments are carried out by traversing the focal point throughout the hypersonic boundary-layer and the density fluctuation along the boundary-layer profile is measured and analyzed. The results show that three types of instability waves ranging from 10 kHz to over 1 MHz are co-existing in the hypersonic boundary-layer, indicating the powerful capability of focused laser differential interferometer in dynamic response resolution for instability wave study in hypersonic flow regime; furthermore, quantitative analyses including spectra and bicoherence analysis of instability waves throughout the hypersonic boundary-layer for both cold and heated cone models are performed.     

含扩张状态观测器的高超声速飞行器动态面姿态控制

针对高超声速飞行器复杂非线性、高不确定性和强通道耦合等特点,提出了一种飞行器姿态控制的非线性设计方法。根据高超声速飞行器无动力飞行的姿态运动方程组,给出一个可面向姿态控制的非线性设计模型。针对一类非线性系统,提出了一种基于扩张状态观测器（ESO）的动态逆设计方法,并通过动态面控制理论,将其应用于高超声速飞行器的三通道姿态控制中。仿真结果表明,相比基于传统动态逆的动态面控制方案,本文所提出的控制方案可以保证飞行器快速、精确地跟踪角位置指令,并且具备针对系统不确定性的强鲁棒性能。     

临近空间高超声速助推-滑翔式轨迹目标跟踪

针对临近空间高超声速、助推-滑翔式轨迹目标跟踪的问题,提出一种经度-纬度-高度坐标系（Longitude-Latitude-Altitude, LLA）下基于目标轨迹特性分析的三维投影跟踪算法。首先,针对临近空间目标在经纬方向上的线性高超声速运动和高度方向上高机动频率运动的不同,将目标量测分别投影到经纬平面和高度方向上,并通过分段跟踪处理,以减小耦合误差对目标跟踪精度的影响;接着,在对目标高超声速特性充分分析的基础上,利用经纬方向上的点迹归并和凝聚处理,以有效解决目标高超声速运动所引起的分裂问题;然后,在对目标高度IMM跟踪的基础上,通过对加速度突变的合理检测和补偿,以进一步实现目标在高度方向上高机动频率运动的可靠跟踪;最后,结合统计学原理,将目标在同一时刻不同跟踪段中的状态估计相关联,以有效实现临近空间高超声速、助推-滑翔式轨迹目标的精确跟踪。仿真结果表明,与现有的临近空间目标跟踪算法相比,该算法具有较高的定位跟踪精度。     

Parameters for evaluating the efficiency of inlet compression

The efficiency parameters are studied in this paper for evaluating the compression quality of the inlets with different compression degrees and assessing different design methods. Self-consistency is proposed for the efficiency parameters, based on two mathematically derived efficiency parameters, entropy rise coefficient and compression quality efficiency. Two efficiency parameters are then examined for equal intensity shocks system to show their capabilities in characterizing the quality of compression system with different compression degrees, and representing the average compression efficiency of the entire inlet. And the process efficiency and compression quality efficiency are compared in the Mollier diagram to afford a clear understanding of their difference in evaluating the overall and the local compression efficiency.