三维几何数据压缩与简化

随着虚拟现实技术及网络技术的快速发展，高分辨率三维图形的应用将日益普遍，这就给存储、传输和实时显示提出了更高的要求。近些年来，人们对三维几何数据压缩、渐进传输及简化技术的研究表现出浓厚兴趣，本文对三维几何数据压缩及简化技术研究概况进行了介绍。     

Navigational Aids and Spatial Memory Impairment: The Role of Divided Attention

Navigational aids impair spatial memory for experienced environments, but the cognitive mechanisms underlying impairment remain an open question. Recent evidence implicates divided attention, but to date no study has directly manipulated divided attention in navigational aid contexts. The present study addresses this need. Participants navigated virtual towns with aid presence and divided attention factorially crossed in a within-participants design. They then completed spatial memory assessments. Divided attention alone impaired spatial memory. Navigational aid presence impaired spatial memory when attention was undivided, replicating previous findings, but did not to a greater extent when attention was divided. These findings suggest that navigational aids divide attention sufficiently to impair spatial memory.     

How Navigational Aids Impair Spatial Memory: Evidence for Divided Attention

Abstract

Research has demonstrated navigational aids impair spatial memory, but has not considered important spatial cognitive concepts. For example, impairment may stem from spatial perspective switches between route-based aids and survey-based memory assessments. Further, the verbal format of aid instructions may selectively interfere with verbal working memory (VWM). To address these potential explanations, participants navigated desktop virtual environments in a goal-directed manner. In each within-participants condition, participants either navigated with a verbal or tonal aid that presented mixed spatial perspective instructions or without aid. Both aids yielded slight navigational advantages and steep spatial memory costs despite their mixed perspective instructions. The equivalent impairment between information formats suggests navigational aids impair spatial memory by dividing attention rather than selective interference of VWM.     

Design and fabrication of robotic gripper for grasping in minimizing contact force

This paper presents a new method to improve the kinematics of robot gripper for grasping in unstructured environments, such as space operations. The robot gripper is inspired from the human hand and kept the hand design close to the structure of human fingers to provide successful grasping capabilities. The main goal is to improve kinematic structure of gripper to increase the grasping capability of large objects, decrease the contact forces and makes a successful grasp of various objects in unstructured environments. This research will describe the development of a self-adaptive and reconfigurable robotic hand for space operations through mechanical compliance which is versatile, robust and easy to control. Our model contains two fingers, two-link and three-link, with combining a kinematic model of thumb index. Moreover, some experimental tests are performed to examine the effectiveness of the hand-made in real, unstructured tasks. The results represent that the successful grasp range is improved about 30% and the contact forces is reduced approximately 10% for a wide range of target object size. According to the obtained results, the proposed approach provides an accommodative kinematic model which makes the better grasping capability by fingers geometries for a robot gripper.     

密闭微环境突发污染源动态散发特性辨识

载人航天器、飞机、潜艇等密闭微环境,随着人员停留时间的延长,舱室空气污染问题已成为危害工作人员生命安全的主要因素.为了提高上述密闭环境主动应对突发污染的能力,建立一种新的浓度离散随机模型,提出采用敏感性分析算法实现污染源定位及强度估计,利用隐式与显式卡尔曼滤波相结合的方法同时完成污染源散发特性的动态辨识及舱室空气污染物的浓度预测;分析了不同位置处的传感器可辨识区域,给出最优传感器布置策略.仿真结果证实了敏感性分析算法及隐式与显式卡尔曼滤波相结合方法能够实现污染源散发特性的快速准确辨识.     

固体材料的空间环境摩擦试验

为了开展在模拟空间环境下材料摩擦学性能的研究,利用自行研制的空间环境摩擦试验装置,进行了几种固体材料在超高真空、交变温度和辐照（原子氧、紫外）等环境下的摩擦试验。试验结果表明:与大气环境下相比,PTFE、PI、MoS₂/PI粘结涂层和离子镀Ag薄膜在≤5×10-4 Pa真空环境中的摩擦系数发生了明显变化;高低温对离子镀Ag薄膜在真空中的摩擦系数有显著影响,而对溅射MoS₂薄膜的摩擦系数影响不明显;原子氧和紫外辐照导致PI、Kapton、PTFE和MoS2/PI粘结涂层等的真空摩擦系数显著改变。     

热噪声复合环境下飞行器结构动响应预示技术研究进展

高超声速飞行器在巡航/再入阶段经历着严酷的气动力/热/噪声等复合环境,严重威胁着结构的完整性和可靠性。严酷的热环境会显著改变结构的整体和局部模态特性,出现模态跳跃和丢失;当与噪声载荷共同作用时,结构动态响应出现突弹跳变现象,表现出强非线性特征,因此热噪声复合环境下结构动响应预示面临严峻挑战。本文综述了热噪声复合环境动响应预示技术的发展过程,对比分析了目前热噪声动响应预示技术的优势与不足,对于未来高超声速飞行器、可重复使用运载器等载荷环境条件制定和结构优化设计均具有重要意义。     

湿热环境下聚酰亚胺复合材料的拉脱性能研究

复合材料结构已被广泛应用于航空航天领域,为了研究复合材料在不同湿热环境下的力学性能,分别对低温干态（CTD）、室温干态（RTD）和高温湿态（ETW）三种环境下的某型聚酰亚胺复合材料层压板进行拉脱试验,并对RTD 试验过程进行仿真分析;通过试验获得两类典型铺层的拉脱强度与破坏模式,并利用有限元仿真预测失效载荷。结果表明：某型聚酰亚胺复合材料具有优异的热稳定性,CTD 环境下复合材料的拉脱强度较RTD 环境下的拉脱强度提升8.1%~9.0%,ETW 环境下某型聚酰亚胺复合材料的拉脱强度与RTD 环境下的拉脱强度相当;（30/60/10）铺层的拉脱强度略高于（50/40/10）铺层。     

低能见度环境下直升机态势感知系统研究和进展

针对军用旋翼航空器应用于越来越恶劣的低能见度环境,实现全面、准确、实时的态势感知对直升机安全性具有重要的价值和意义.其中光电传感器技术、融合显示技术与雷达电子技术的发展为态势感知的发展提供了坚实的基础.本文首先简要介绍了军用直升机态势感知系统的基本原理;详尽阐述了直升机态势感知系统各种主要构成技术的研究进展和应用现状;最后,对当前的工作进行总结,并指出了今后研究工作的重点