先进战斗机生命保障系统

生命保障系统为适应新型战斗机发展需求,围绕"以人为保障对象"系统特征,采用基于系统工程的需求/功能分析方法,从飞机总体、生理、六性、飞管、任务等需求出发,提出系统需求,开展需求分析向工程实践转化研究,确定分解了系统、成品的设计及指标要求。通过系统架构优化、提高快速响应能力研究,建立大系统综合的系统架构。基于数据共享、控制融合的飞管平台以及氧气介质传感器技术,结合六性、FMECA和FTA,开展数字协同环境下生命保障系统综合设计,系统电子信息化程度取得突破,具备高度综合的全数字显示与控制、自主诊断和状态监测能力,获得高效维修保障能力,为实现玻璃化座舱、快速出动、快速布防、跨区域作战、自主保障提供有力支撑。     

飞机燃油箱惰化中氧体积分数控制指标分析

对油箱惰化的氧体积分数控制指标,即极限氧体积分数,测定标准、理论与实验研究成果进行了较为系统地梳理与总结,并基于前人研究成果提出:①采用N2惰化时,对于RP-3燃油,其地面状态下,可采用12%作为油箱氧体积分数控制指标。②对于民机,飞行包线内燃油箱氧体积分数控制指标可为从海平面到3 048 m高度,油箱内气相空间极限氧体积分数不超过12%,3 048～12 192 m高度,不超过从12%线性增加到145%;对于军机,可以考虑在民机标准上增加20%安全裕度,即从地面的9%线性增加至12 192 m的12%。③目前国内军机惰化系统研制中,规定在整个飞行包线内控制燃油箱气相空间氧体积分数不超过9%的要求值得商榷,它将直接带来因过度防护而产生的代偿损失过大等问题。     

航天器用新型聚酰亚胺薄膜性能研究

原子氧是低地球轨道环境中对航天器影响较为严重的因素之一. 为了提高聚酰亚胺薄膜抗原子氧侵蚀的性能, 依据结构与性能的关系, 设计合成了新型的聚酰亚胺薄膜. 采用这种新型聚酰亚胺薄膜制备了二次表面镜, 利用地面模拟设备对热控涂层进行原子氧暴露试验, 结果表明其具有优异的耐原子氧侵蚀性能. 此外, 真空elax-elax紫外、真空elax-elax质子、真空elax-elax电子辐照等空间环境模拟试验表明, 这种耐原子氧聚酰亚胺薄膜二次表面镜热控涂层具有良好的空间稳定性.      

超音速火焰喷涂替代镀铬技术修复导轨研究和应用

与等离子喷涂层和电镀硬铬层相比,超音速火焰喷涂(HVOF)层具有结合强度高、致密、耐磨损性能优越等特点。针对某型飞机燃油接收探管外筒导轨铬层损伤剥落这一多发性故障,采用超音速火焰喷涂替代镀铬修复,对该导轨损伤进行可行性研究和验证、模拟试验、样件验证、装机监控使用,显现出超音速火焰喷涂层优越的性能。     

飞机燃油箱气相空间平衡氧浓度理论研究

油箱上部空间平衡氧浓度的确定是设计机载油箱惰性化系统的基础。采用微元段计算方法,在考虑载油量、压力随飞行高度变化、燃油温度和燃油蒸汽压的情况下,建立了油箱上部气相空间平衡氧浓度的数学模型。首先将模型计算结果与文献公布的数据进行了比较,验证了模型的正确性。然后分析了不同因素对平衡氧浓度的影响。研究结果表明:不同燃油的氧氮溶解特性会对平衡氧浓度造成直接影响;平衡氧浓度与载油量有关,且不呈线性关系;燃油温度增加后,平衡氧浓度下降;此外,随着飞行高度增加,由于气相空间总压和氧氮分压下降,燃油的蒸汽压对平衡氧浓度的影响也越大。研究结果将为惰性化气体流量的估算和设计提供一定的理论基础。     

Analysis and control optimization of positive pressure fluctuation in electromechanical oxygen regulator

The Electromechanical Oxygen Regulator (EMOR) is a new type of aviator oxygen equipment. Positive pressure refers to the pressure difference between the breath pressure and the ambient pressure during pressurized oxygen supply. The phenomenon of positive pressure fluctuation was believed to reduce the system performance. The current open-loop control method cannot solve this problem. In this paper, the mathematical model was established and main factors were analyzed. By combining experimental research and simulation calculation, it was determined that pressure fluctuation was caused by inlet pressure and diaphragm deformation together. With the increase of pulmonary ventilation volume, the influence of inlet pressure on fluctuation decreases gradually, while the proportion of diaphragm deformation increases rapidly. A closed-loop control strategy of Proportional Resonant with Feedforward Compensation (PRFC) was proposed to solve the problem and control parameters were obtained through co-simulation. The effectiveness of the control strategy was verified by experiments. The results show that the control strategy can enhance the anti-disturbance ability of the system and significantly reduce the pressure fluctuation range, which is beneficial to improving the overall system performance.     

供氧模式对载人航天器气压控制的影响分析

载人航天器气压控制系统主要负责控制密封舱内氧分压和总压满足指标要求,承担长期载人任务的载人航天器通常配备电解制氧系统用于维持密封舱内氧分压水平。文章建立了一种载人航天器密封舱气压控制系统仿真分析模型,利用该模型分析对比了氧气瓶供氧和电解制氧供氧2种模式对应的密封舱氧分压和总压变化规律。结果表明,驻留24 h内,氧气瓶供氧模式对应的氧分压单调下降;电解制氧供氧模式对应的氧分压并非单调下降,而是取决于供氧速率与乘员代谢耗氧间的关系,且氧分压变化范围要远小于氧气瓶供氧模式。驻留60 d内,电解制氧供氧模式对应的氧分压在上下限间的变化周期以及总压的变化周期要明显长于氧气瓶供氧模式。为避免空气温度的影响,氧分压和总压的控制范围应比允许范围窄。     

氢氧发动机模型真空羽流场试验和仿真研究

研制了一个用于模拟中国长征火箭二级的60 N推力氢氧发动机的缩比模型,并在北京航空航天大学真空羽流效应实验系统进行了试验。使用皮托管阵列测量了羽流压力场,结果显示当距发动机喷管出口的距离从140 mm增加到600 mm时,羽流场的最大压力从12 400 Pa降到了400 Pa。为验证CFD-DSMC混合的数值仿真方法,将试验结果与仿真结果进行了对比分析,二者一致性非常好。对比结果显示数值仿真方法在羽流效应分析方面的强大功能。研究获得了模型发动机羽流场的压力分布特性,可用于原型发动机的羽流效应分析。     

RANS simulations on combustion and emission characteristics of a premixed NH3/H2 swirling flame with reduced chemical kinetic model

Ammonia (NH₃) is considered as a potential alternative carbon free fuel to reduce greenhouse gas emission to meet the increasingly stringent emission requirements. Co-burning NH₃ and H₂ is an effective way to overcome ammonia’s relative low burning velocity. In this work, 3D Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) numerical simulations are conducted on a premixed NH₃/H₂ swirling flame with reduced chemical kinetic mechanism. The effects of (A) overall equivalence ratio Φ and (B) hydrogen blended molar fraction X_H2 on combustion and emission characteristics are examined. The present results show that when 100%NH₃-0%H₂-air are burnt, the NO emission and unburned NH₃ of at the swirling combustor outlet has the opposite varying trends. With the increase of Φ, NO emission is found to be decreased, while the unburnt ammonia emission is increased. NH₂ → HNO, NH → HNO and HNO → NO sub-paths are found to play a critical role in NO formation. Normalized reaction rate of all these three sub-paths is shown to be decreased with increased Φ. Hydrogen addition is shown to significantly increase the laminar burning velocity of the mixed fuel. However, adding H₂ does not affect the critical equivalence ratio corresponding to the maximum burning velocity. The emission trend of NO and unburnt NH₃ with increased Φ is unchanged by blending H₂. NO emission with increased X_H2 is increased slightly less at a larger Φ than that at a smaller Φ. In addition, reaction rates of NH₂ → HNO and HNO → NO sub-paths are decreased with increased X_H2, when Φ is larger. Under all tested cases, blending H₂ with NH₃ reduces the unburned NH₃ emission, especially for rich combustion conditions. In summary, the present work provides research finding on supporting applying ammonia with hydrogen blended in low-emission gas turbine engines.     

原子氧环境对石英晶体微量天平性能影响的分析

随着高可靠、长寿命航天器的发展,对在轨污染检测的要求也越来越高。石英晶体微量天平是分子污染检测的重要工具,为了分析了解原子氧对石英晶体微量天平的影响,文章用理论分析和试验的方法对石英晶片在1×1020 atom/cm2注量的原子氧辐照条件下的性能变化进行了研究。试验证明,石英晶体微量天平在总注量1020 atom/cm2量级的原子氧辐照后,其振荡频率和等效阻容感发生了一定变化,但仍具备污染传感能力和频率输出能力,其功能不受影响。