可压缩管流中真实气体效应的理论分析与数值模拟

为研究超燃冲压发动机冷却通道内复杂碳氢燃料的可压缩流动特性及相关影响因素,本文在典型工况条件下讨论了超声速膨胀流中真实气体效应的影响。基于平衡热力学理论,明确了气体动力学基础导数对可压缩流动的关键影响,并从气体动力学基础导数的角度出发考察了多种碳氢燃料在临界点附近的特性。同时,在数值模拟程序中耦合了立方型状态方程以准确描述超临界碳氢燃料的热物性参数。最后,对超临界条件下的二维超声速膨胀流进行了数值模拟,捕捉到了超声速扩张管道流动中马赫数下降的现象并揭示了其相应的物理机制。此外,参考发动机冷却通道内的典型工况条件,系统考察了不同入口马赫数、压力与温度等不同来流条件下真实气体效应的影响规律。     

光栅光纤组合探头在油料液位检测中的应用

提出了一种利用光栅光纤组合探头技术对航空油料液位进行检测的方法。该方法是将钢带浮子式液位计检测到了液位信息转换为光栅位移量,通过光纤探头探测,由光缆远距离传送至中央控制室,利用微处理机对信号进行实时处理,实现对液位的自动采集和监测,具有体积小、重量轻、精度高、可靠性好、本安防爆等优点。     

基于等效传感器和插值法的燃油量测量算法

以某型号飞机的机身油箱为例,提出了等效虚拟传感器的方法,将多根传感器测量值所确定的燃油面,用油箱中某个特殊位置的一虚拟传感器的值等效表示.建立虚拟传感器长度、飞机姿态中俯仰角和横滚角与燃油体积关系的三维数据表,利用插值的方法得到燃油量的近似值.利用Solidworks三维辅助设计软件对运用等效原理和插值法得到的燃油量进行验证,结果表明该方法测量精度高,计算结果可靠.而且等效原理的利用,使插值法涉及的数据量大大减少,达到了压缩数据的目的,便于在实际系统中的实现.      

Comparison of autoignition characteristics of n-heptane, methylcyclohexane and toluene

The autoignition characteristics of three C7 hydrocarbon fuels,n-heptane,methylcyclohexane and toluene,were comparatively investigated.Ignitions were performed behind the reflected shock waves in a shock tube.The ignition delay times of these fuels were measured at the same igintion conditions with constant fuel mole fraction of 1.0%,equivalence ratio of 1.0,ignition pressure of 1.0×105 Pa(one more 2.0×105 Pa for n-heptane)and temperatures of 1 166-1 662 K.The correlation formula of ignition delay dependence of three fuels on igintion conditions was deduced separately.Results show that the ignition delay time of n-heptane is the shortest while that of toluene is the longest at the same ignition conditions.The ignition delay time of methylcyclohexane is most sensitive to the temperature while that of n-heptane is the least.The comparison of current ignition delay times with the predictions of available chemical kinetic reaction mechanisms has been presented to validate the reliability of mechanisms.The important chemical reactions during the ignition process have been obtained from the sensitivity analysis.     

超临界态碳氢燃料流固耦合传热及热裂解的计算方法研究

为深入研究主动再生冷却机理,采用固体热传导方程和流体控制方程,建立了超临界态碳氢燃料耦合传热及热裂解的数值方法。对两种实验状态下电加热管内RP-3航空煤油的耦合传热及热裂解过程进行了计算研究,其中RP-3的热裂解反应由包含1个总体反应和23个二次反应的Modified Kumar-Kunzru反应机理模拟。两种状态下计算得到的外壁温、燃料温度、RP-3裂解率以及裂解产物分布与测量值的最大误差分别小于10%和15%。计算与实验结果吻合较好,表明建立的数值方法是准确的,可以作为研究超临界态碳氢燃料耦合传热及热裂解特性的有效计算分析工具。     

RP-3航空煤油三组分替代燃料简化机理验证

利用机理自动简化程序ReaxRed对航空煤油RP-3三组分替代燃料半详细化学反应动力学模型采用两种方案分别进行了简化。方案一采用直接关系图（directed relation graph,DRG）法构建了109组分423步基元反应,方案二在方案一的结果上采用基于误差传播的DRG（directed relation graph based on error propagation,DRGEP）方法和计算奇异摄动（computational singular perturbation,CSP）法构建了84组分271步基元反应。结合点火延迟试验数据对方案二所构建的简化机理进行了验证,并且采用层流火焰速度、温度和重要产物等方面的数值计算结果进行对比分析,结果表明:方案二所构建的简化机理在简化过程中保留一定的计算精度前提下更加经济实用,其中在各种工况下方案二简化机理和半详细机理的点火延迟时间之间的平均误差在6%以内并且它们在火焰传播速度方面平均误差在不超过8%。采用本生灯预混燃烧器为物理模型,以RP-3航空煤油为燃料,进行相应的试验研究来验证方案二的简化机理,结果表明该简化机理数值计算结果与试验数据较吻合。      

Effect of turbulence models on predicting convective heat transfer to hydrocarbon fuel at supercritical pressure

A variety of turbulence models were used to perform numerical simulations of heat transfer for hydrocarbon fuel flowing upward and downward through uniformly heated vertical pipes at supercritical pressure. Inlet temperatures varied from 373 K to 663 K, with heat flux rang-ing from 300 kW/m2 to 550 kW/m2. Comparative analyses between predicted and experimental results were used to evaluate the ability of turbulence models to respond to variable thermophys-ical properties of hydrocarbon fuel at supercritical pressure. It was found that the prediction per-formance of turbulence models is mainly determined by the damping function, which enables them to respond differently to local flow conditions. Although prediction accuracy for experimental results varied from condition to condition, the shear stress transport (SST) and launder and sharma models performed better than all other models used in the study. For very small buoyancy-influenced runs, the thermal-induced acceleration due to variations in density lead to the impairment of heat transfer occurring in the vicinity of pseudo-critical points, and heat transfer was enhanced at higher temperatures through the combined action of four thermophysical properties: density, viscosity, thermal conductivity and specific heat. For very large buoyancy-influenced runs, the thermal-induced acceleration effect was over predicted by the LS and AB models.     

吸热型碳氢燃料的量热研究

对不同结构组成的吸热型碳氢燃料在不同工作温度下的热沉进行了测定和研究,并在此基础上,研制开发了一种性能较好的ＮＪ－１５０碳氢燃料,并测定了其有关的理化性质和热沉,实验结果表明ＮＪ－１５０是一种很有发展前途的吸热型碳氢燃料。     

固体燃料冲压发动机燃速理论分析与数值模拟

从理论和数值模拟两方面探讨了固体燃料冲压发动机 (SFRJ)燃速影响因素, 给出了平均燃速与入口空气流量、空气温度以及燃烧室压强之间的指数关系式, 同时考虑了燃速沿轴向的变化。与实验数据的比较表明, 本文提出的模拟方法是正确而且可靠的。所得结果对于固体燃料冲压发动机设计和实验均具有一定指导意义。      

丙烷结焦特性的电热管实验研究

通过实验及计算分析,给出了丙烷在不锈钢单管及复合铜管中的结焦阀温、壁温升高率、极限壁面温升、结焦率及结焦热阻等结焦特性,并讨论了几种因素对丙烷结焦的影响.实验结果可为氧/烃发动机冷却通道的设计提供依据.