液体火箭发动机尾焰对发射平台冲击效应

为研究液体火箭发动机尾焰对发射平台的冲击效应特性,建立液体火箭发动机尾焰对发射平台冲击数值计算模型.针对液氧/煤油发动机尾焰对发射平台冲击特性,基于建立模型研究了喷管出口距离平台3,5m工况下推进剂流量和复燃对冲击特性的影响,并分析了影响差异及其产生差异的原因.结果表明:尾焰自由射流区的激波膨胀、压缩距离和壁射流区面积随推进剂流量的增大而增大;考虑复燃化学反应不仅改变了自由射流区和滞止区的形状结构,而且增大了壁射流区的面积和温度;复燃和推进剂流量均是通过影响尾焰结构对冲击特性产生影响,具体影响效果与喷管出口和发射平台间距离有关.      

步进电机驱动的燃油计量装置建模与仿真

为了开发数控燃油计量装置独立仿真平台,利用AMESet建立了基于C代码的步进电机部件模型;对建立的步进电机模型进行仿真,获得了其转角随输入脉冲的关系。建立了由计量活门、等压差活门、增压活门等组成的燃油计量装置机械液压组件AMESim模型,将开发的步进电机模型与计量装置各液压组件模型联结,实现了步进电机驱动的数控燃油计量装置面向对象的建模。仿真结果表明：在正常工作范围内,仿真结果与设计参考偏差在5%以内,所开发的AMESim模型能满足该数控计量装置的稳态和动态特性的研究要求。     

基于FPGA 的步进电机细分控制研究

为了解决所选步进电机固有步距角过大而无法满足系统高精度微位移控制要求的问题,以细分控制原理为理论依据,设计了1种基于现场可编程门阵列（Field Programmable Gate Array , FPGA）的单极性细分驱动电路。该电路具有绕组断线检测功能,可在电机转速为2 rad/s的前提下实现16或者更高程度的细分控制。在电路的调试过程中,针对绕组互感问题进行了研究,在很大程度上降低了绕组互感对细分控制精度的影响。试验结果表明：所设计的基于FPGA的细分驱动电路控制精度满足使用要求。     

Remaining useful life prediction based on the Wiener process for an aviation axial piston pump

An aviation hydraulic axial piston pump’s degradation from comprehensive wear is a typical gradual failure model. Accurate wear prediction is difficult as random and uncertain char-acteristics must be factored into the estimation. The internal wear status of the axial piston pump is characterized by the return oil flow based on fault mechanism analysis of the main frictional pairs in the pump. The performance degradation model is described by the Wiener process to predict the remaining useful life (RUL) of the pump. Maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) is performed by utilizing the expectation maximization (EM) algorithm to estimate the initial parameters of the Wiener process while recursive estimation is conducted utilizing the Kalman filter method to estimate the drift coefficient of the Wiener process. The RUL of the pump is then calculated accord-ing to the performance degradation model based on the Wiener process. Experimental results indi-cate that the return oil flow is a suitable characteristic for reflecting the internal wear status of the axial piston pump, and thus the Wiener process-based method may effectively predicate the RUL of the pump.     

固体火箭发动机缺陷的ICT局部检测

为了实现对固体火箭发动机缺陷的局部检测,提出了窄角扇束工业计算机断层扫描成像(ICT)检测固体火箭发动机缺陷的局部检测方案.采用平移/旋转扫描方式和只旋转扫描方式对固体火箭发动机缺陷进行局部检测.为了验证局部检测方案的有效性,利用窄角扇束ICT对某型固体火箭发动机进行局部检测,并利用卷积反投影算法和小波变换算法进行局部重建.结果表明:平移/旋转扫描方式适合窄角扇束ICT对固体火箭发动机缺陷进行局部检测,只旋转扫描方式不适合局部检测.由于利用局部缺陷区域外的投影数据,卷积反投影算法较小波变换算法的局部重建质量高.这对于提高固体火箭发动机缺陷的检测效率,降低检测成本具有重要意义.      

飞机数字化全电刹车系统的设计

设计的飞机全电刹车系统,以四无刷直流电机驱动四滚珠丝杠布局的机电作动机架,取代了原来液压刹车的活塞阀门作动机架,电机通过传动装置驱动滚珠丝杠松刹刹车盘实现飞机的刹车。在硬件设计上,刹车控制器的CPU采用TI公司的电机及运动控制专用DSP2407,以满足对控制系统的性能要求;4台无刷直流电机的换相信号由可编程逻辑器件完成;对电机的驱动采用了MOSFET与栅极驱动芯片IR2130组成的功率驱动电路,实现了无刷直流电机的高效驱动。     

级间通道构型对双脉冲发动机燃烧室局部受热的影响

为研究级间通道构型对双脉冲发动机一脉冲燃烧室气流再附着点的位置和对流换热系数的影响,本文采用基于格心的迎风型有限体积法数值求解雷诺平均Navier-Stokes方程组,空间离散采用AUSM-PW矢通量分裂格式,时间推进采用3阶三步TVD型Runge-Kutta显式方法,湍流模型采用适合模拟分离流动的改进SST湍流模型,并通过经验公式计算再附着点处的对流换热系数。结果表明:亚声速后台阶流动和固体火箭发动机燃烧室内流动的最大绝对误差分别为8.9%和5.8%;二脉冲工作的不同时刻,当二脉冲装药内孔直径大于级间通道直径时,级间孔直径每增大9.1%,气流再附着点位置平均减小28.2%,对流换热系数平均下降9.6%;其它条件相同时,级间孔宽度增加对气流再附着点位置和对流换热的影响比较小;级间孔角度变大使得气流再附着点的位置和对流换热系数分别平均下降3.4%和3.1%。     

推进剂/包覆层界面脱粘率相关特性研究

固体火箭发动机(SRM)装药包覆界面性能对发动机安全工作意义重大。为研究改性双基(CMDB)推进剂/三元乙丙(EPDM)包覆层界面在不同受载速率下的脱粘情况,采用双悬臂梁(DCB)试件对包覆粘接界面进行了界面脱粘性能试验研究,获取了脱粘界面扩展过程中的加载点载荷-位移曲线。同时,构建了界面率相关内聚力模型(CZM),并采用Hooke_Jeeves优化算法反演识别出相关模型参数。通过对比多阶段加载实验及仿真结果曲线验证了模型的可靠性,结果表明,二者变化趋势基本一致,最大误差小于15%,所得结论对固体火箭发动机装药界面脱粘研究具有一定参考价值。     

轴向喷注端面燃烧固液火箭发动机数值仿真

针对一种轴向喷注端面燃烧固液火箭发动机开展了研究,分析了该类发动机的燃烧机理,建立了考虑气-固边界耦合及燃料热解的发动机燃烧流动仿真模型,对发动机内流场进行了数值仿真.分析认为:发动机内存在端面燃烧和侧面燃烧两种燃烧状态,燃烧状态主要受氧化剂流速的影响.当氧化剂流速跨越转变速度后,燃烧状态发生改变.发动机流场数值仿真结果同样表明:不同氧化剂流速下发动机内存在上述两种燃烧状态,仿真得到的转变速度区间与文献试验结果吻合较好.      

Fuzzy robust nonlinear control approach for electro-hydraulic flight motion simulator

A fuzzy robust nonlinear controller for hydraulic rotary actuators in flight motion simulators is proposed. Compared with other three-order models of hydraulic rotary actuators, the proposed controller based on first-order nonlinear model is more easily applied in practice, whose control law is relatively simple. It not only does not need high-order derivative of desired command,but also does not require the feedback signals of velocity, acceleration and jerk of hydraulic rotary actuators. Another advantage is that it does not rely on any information of friction, inertia force and external disturbing force/torque, which are always difficult to resolve in flight motion simulators. Due to the special composite vane seals of rectangular cross-section and goalpost shape used in hydraulic rotary actuators, the leakage model is more complicated than that of traditional linear hydraulic cylinders. Adaptive multi-input single-output(MISO) fuzzy compensators are introduced to estimate nonlinear uncertain functions about leakage and bulk modulus. Meanwhile, the decomposition of the uncertainties is used to reduce the total number of fuzzy rules. Different from other adaptive fuzzy compensators, a discontinuous projection mapping is employed to guarantee the estimation process to be bounded. Furthermore, with a sufficient number of fuzzy rules, the controller theoretically can guarantee asymptotic tracking performance in the presence of the above uncertainties, which is very important for high-accuracy tracking control of flight motion simulators.Comparative experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, which can guarantee transient performance and better final accurate tracking in the presence of uncertain nonlinearities and parametric uncertainties.