轴系稳定性裕度判据的理论研究

本文提出以系统最大能量比率作为衡量轴系稳定性裕度的判据,和传统的对数衰减率与系统阻尼判据相比,该判据综合了系统所有模态的信息,考虑了特征值与特征向量的共同影响。最大能量比率较小的轴系具有较大的稳定性裕度;最大能量比率较大的轴系具有较小的稳定性裕度。探讨了特征向量在评估稳定性裕度的重要作用,指出了传统的对数衰减率与系统阻尼判据在评估轴承稳定性裕度时的局限性。作为应用实例,用最大能量比率判据考察了一模型转了轴承系统的稳定性裕度,并与用对数衰减率及系统阻尼判据所得结论进行了对比。结果表明,用本文提出的判据所得的结论与实际情况比较一致。此外,应用模型转子的计算结果,进一步阐明了对数衰减率与系统阻尼判据的共同不足是采集的信息太少。     

航天飞行中的稀薄气体动力学

飞船、宇航探测器、航天飞机等复杂外形航天器给气体动力学，包括稀薄气体动力学提出了新的要求。本文简要介绍了为计算过渡领域中气动力与热而发展的基于位置元概念的DSMC方法的通用算法。该方法解决了计算物面通量量的技术难点并已用于模拟圆球、飞船、类航天飞机的绕流。正在进行的航天实践，如麦哲伦飞船对金星的探测、行星大气中的气动制动、伽利略飞船的木星之行、尾屏蔽在太空中获得高真空的实验等等提出了新的气动力问题，稀薄气体动力学和DSMC方法是有力的工具。     

燃烧室头部进气规律对煤粉燃烧效率的影响

用实验方法研究了火焰筒式煤粉燃烧室头部进气规律对燃烧效率的影响。通过对6种结构的头部配气方案的分析比较,得出了煤粉燃烧室合理的头部配气方案,为今后煤粉燃烧室的设计和工作状态的选择提供了重要的实验依据。     

A general calculation method to specify center-of-buoyancy for the stratospheric airship with multiple gas cells

As the lighter-than-air (LTA) flight vehicle, the stratospheric airship is a desirable platform to provide communication and surveillance services. During the ascent from sea-level to the mission altitude, the volume of the lifting gas may change significantly, which will result in the change of the center-of-buoyancy (CB). A general calculation method is developed to specify CB for the stratospheric airship with a double-ellipsoid hull and an arbitrary number of the gas cells. The cross-section-integral (CSI) method is used as a basic calculation scenario to specify CB. Considering the complexity in determining the boundary between the helium and air in the gas cell, a searching algorithm is put forward and the specification of CB can be conducted by the iterative calculation. As an important application, the stable condition of the pitch angle is analyzed when the change of CB is involved. Under different initial configurations, the stable pitch angle of the stratospheric airship during the ascent is specified and compared, which shows the advantages of the multi-gas-cell configuration. The results of this paper may provide an important reference for the engineering application of the stratospheric airship.     

Three-dimensional numerical analysis on combustion performance and flow of hybrid rocket motor with multi-segmented grain

This paper presents the combustion characteristics in hybrid rocket motors with multi-segmented grain through three-dimensional numerical simulations. Multi-segmented grain is composed of several thin grains with two or more ports. The numerical model consists of Navier-Stokes equations with turbulence, solid fuel pyrolysis, chemical reactions, a fluid–solid coupling model and a regression rate model. The simulations adopt 90% Hydrogen Peroxide (HP) and PolyEthylene (PE) as the propellant combination. The effects of the rotation, port number, fuel grain segment number and mid-chamber length on the flow field and combustion performances are analyzed. The results indicate that the multi-segmented grain configuration can strengthen the flow field, and the regression rate and combustion efficiency are enhanced. Take the cases with two grain segments and three ports for example, the regression rate is increased by 32.4%−45.1% and the combustion efficiency increases by 6%−8.6% in different rotation angles.     

Plastic wrinkling prediction in thin-walled part forming process:A review

The precision forming of thin-walled components has been urgently needed in aviation and aerospace field. However, the wrinkling induced by the compressive instability is one of the major defects in thin-walled part forming. The initiation and growth of the wrinkles are interac-tively affected by many factors such as stress states, mechanical properties of the material, geometry of the workpiece and boundary conditions. Especially when the forming process involves compli-cated boundary conditions such as multi-dies constrains, the perturbation of clearances between workpiece and dies and the contact conditions changing in time and space, etc., the predication of the wrinkling is further complicated. In this paper, the current prediction methods were summa-rized including the static equilibrium method, the energy method, the initial imperfection method, the eigenvalue buckling analysis method, the static-implicit finite element method and the dynamic-explicit finite element method. Then, a systematical comparison and summary of these methods in terms of their advantages and limitations are presented. By using a combination of explicit FE method, initial imperfection and energy conservation, a hybrid method is recommended to predict plastic wrinkling in thin-walled part forming. Finally, considering the urgent requirements of com-plex thin-walled structures’ part in aviation and aerospace field, the trends and challenges in wrin-kling prediction under complicated boundary conditions are presented.     

基于一致性融合和神经网络的航空发动机气路系统故障诊断方法

以信息融合为基础,运用GRNN神经网络对航空发动机气路系统进行故障诊断,提出了一种基于一致性融合和神经网络相结合的故障诊断方法。试验结果表明,该方法能快速识别航空发动机气路系统故障,并且对其他机械设备的故障诊断具有一定的参考价值。     

液化天然气作为航空燃料的发展趋势及特点分析

为研究液化天然气(LNG)作为航空燃料的可行性,对LNG的特点、发展趋势及作为航空燃料存在的问题进行了分析.采用了横向比较的方法,将LNG与新的航空替代燃料和传统航空燃料进行了比较和计算分析.结果表明:与新的航空替代燃料相比,LNG具有来源广泛、经济性好、发动机适应性强等优点.与传统航空燃料相比,LNG的储量大,可使用100年以上;可燃极限宽、污染物排放低,NOx排放仅为航空煤油的1/4;单位质量能量密度高、成本低,其燃料成本仅为航空汽油的一半,航空煤油的1/3;同时还具有可用于发动机高温部件冷却用的冷能,是一种极富潜力的航空燃料.指出在LNG作为航空燃料方面急需开展动力系统与飞机结构的匹配、燃料相态的有效转化及不同燃料在燃烧室内的反应特性等方面的研究工作.      

蜂窝式轴心通风器油气分离性能计算

为对航空发动机蜂窝式轴心通风器油气分离效率进行研究,建立考虑油气双向耦合的流场计算方法及油滴/壁面相互作用模型,在验证通风阻力及油气分离效率可靠性的基础上,对不同转速、通风流量和环境温度下蜂窝式轴心通风器的油气分离效果进行计算和分析.结果表明:转速的增加会使油气分离效率得到提升,而通风流量和环境温度的增加则导致油气分离效率的降低.蜂窝孔结构的加入对通风阻力影响不大,却对通风器的滑油分离过程起主要作用,计算表明其对滑油分离贡献率在80%以上.      

Machining of a film-cooling hole in a single-crystal superalloy by high-speed electrochemical discharge drilling

Single-crystal superalloys are typical advanced materials used for manufacturing aeroengine turbine blades. Their unique characteristics of high hardness and strength make them exceedingly difficult to machine. However, a key structure of a turbine blade, the film-cooling hole,needs to be machined in a single-crystal superalloy; such machining is challenging, especially considering the increasing levels of machining efficiency and quality demanded by the aeroengine industry. Tube electrode high-speed electrochemical discharge drilling(TSECDD), a hybrid technique of high-speed electrical discharge drilling and electrochemical machining, provides high machining efficiency and accuracy, as well as eliminating the recast layer. In this study, TSECDD is used to machine a film-cooling hole in a nickel-based single-crystal superalloy(DD6). The Taguchi methods of experiment are used to optimise the machining parameters. Experimental results show that TSECDD can effectively drill the film-cooling hole; the optimum parameters that give the best performance are as follows: pulse duration: 12 ls, pulse interval: 30 ls, peak current:6 A, and salt solution conductivity: 3 m S/cm. Finally, a hole is machined by TSECDD, and the results are compared with those obtained by electrical discharge machining. TSECDD is found to be promising for improving the surface quality and eliminating the recast layer.