捷联惯性导航系统整体标定新方法

针对不同型号的捷联惯性导航系统(SINS, Strapdown Inertial Navigation System)测量量程及动态性能差异大,而常规标定方法难以提供多动态性信号激励的问题,提出一种利用离心机和转台对SINS进行整体标定的新方法.通过将转台安装在离心机上,调整转台姿态以及离心机旋转速度和旋转半径,可对SINS提供多范围、多运动形式的信号激励,实现对不同参数特性SINS的标定.建立了完整的离心机转台控制模型并对其进行了仿真验证,利用转台依次调整SINS到6个不同位置,控制离心机对每个位置进行正反两次共计12次旋转,即可标定出整个系统的24个误差参数.理论分析表明:该标定方法简单易操作,数据利用率高,激励信号设置灵活,具有一定的工程应用价值.     

空管人因失效概率的THERP-CREAM预测方法

管制员的人为差错是导致航空器空中相撞的主要原因之一,对空管人因失效概率进行有效预测是一个难题。为此,提出一种基于人误率预测技术（THERP）与认知可靠性和失误率分析模型（CREAM）的组合空管人因失效概率预测方法,基于THERP技术二叉树模型构建事故发展基本脉络,而后基于CREAM方法对各个人误行为触发概率进行修正,从而得出更为准确的概率预测结果。通过对相似事故进行对比分析,结果表明：本文提出的预测方法可识别关键性的事故影响因子,以便制定有针对性的管控措施,从而为研究预测空管人因失效概率提供了一种有效的分析手段。     

精密离心机上加速度计安装姿态误差和主轴姿态误差对测试的影响

在精密离心机上进行加速度计测试和标定时 ,加速度计的安装姿态误差和精密离心机主轴姿态误差是影响加速度计测试和标定准确度的重要因素。给出这些姿态误差对加速度计测试的影响量 ,指出当这些姿态误差超过一定限度时要考虑这些姿态误差的影响 。     

中国书法的文化精神与人格魅力

通过从中国书法的文化精神和人格魅力的解读，阐述了古今书法大家的文化精神与人格魅力；审视了当代书坛现状，提出了重塑中国书法的文化精神与人格魅力的方向，诠释了书学的道德精神修养和学问艺术修养。     

Calibration method of quartz accelerometer on dynamic centrifuge

This paper proposes a novel method for calibrating error coefficients of the quartz accelerometer faster on the dynamic centrifuge, which can generate a continuous dynamic acceleration excitation. Firstly, working principle and structure of the dynamic centrifuge are analyzed, the error sources and the uncertainty of the dynamic centrifuge are expounded, and relevant coordinate systems are established. Then, according to the characteristics of the input specific forces and the propagating method...     

从一起飞机滑梯救生包系带问题浅谈人为因素分析

本文就一起看似简单的B757飞机逃离滑梯救生包系带问题未能正确纠正的事件,结合加拿大运输部的人为差错12个"陷阱"(Dirty Dozen),从人为因素的角度进行了简要的分析,为我们在日常航空安全管理中如何系统地分析、解决问题提供了一个案例。     

Building components for an outpost on the Lunar soil by means of a novel 3D printing technology

3D-printing technologies are receiving an always increasing attention in architecture, due to their potential use for direct construction of buildings and other complex structures, also of considerable dimensions, with virtually any shape. Some of these technologies rely on an agglomeration process of inert materials, e.g. sand, through a special binding liquid and this capability is of interest for the space community for its potential application to space exploration. In fact, it opens the possibility for exploiting in-situ resources for the construction of buildings in harsh spatial environments. The paper presents the results of a study aimed at assessing the concept of 3D printing technology for building habitats on the Moon using lunar soil, also called regolith. A particular patented 3D-printing technology – D-shape – has been applied, which is, among the existing rapid prototyping systems, the closest to achieving full scale construction of buildings and the physical and chemical characteristics of lunar regolith and terrestrial regolith simulants have been assessed with respect to the working principles of such technology. A novel lunar regolith simulant has also been developed, which almost exactly reproduces the characteristics of the JSC-1A simulant produced in the US. Moreover, tests in air and in vacuum have been performed to demonstrate the occurrence of the reticulation reaction with the regolith simulant. The vacuum tests also showed that evaporation or freezing of the binding liquid can be prevented through a proper injection method. The general requirements of a Moon outpost have been specified, and a preliminary design of the habitat has been developed. Based on such design, a section of the outpost wall has been selected and manufactured at full scale using the D-shape printer and regolith simulant. Test pieces have also been manufactured and their mechanical properties have been assessed.     

Human exploration of near earth asteroids: Mission analysis for chemical and electric propulsion

This paper presents a mission analysis comparison of human missions to asteroids using two distinct architectures. The objective is to determine if either architecture can reduce launch mass with respect to the other, while not sacrificing other performance metrics such as mission duration. One architecture relies on chemical propulsion, the traditional workhorse of space exploration. The second combines chemical and electric propulsion into a hybrid architecture that attempts to utilize the strengths of each, namely the short flight times of chemical propulsion and the propellant efficiency of electric propulsion. The architectures are thoroughly detailed, and accessibility of the known asteroid population is determined for both. The most accessible asteroids are discussed in detail. Aspects such as mission abort scenarios and vehicle reusability are also discussed. Ultimately, it is determined that launch mass can be greatly reduced with the hybrid architecture, without a notable increase in mission duration. This demonstrates that significant performance improvements can be introduced to the next step of human space exploration with realistic electric propulsion system capabilities. This leads to immediate cost savings for human exploration and simultaneously opens a path of technology development that leads to technologies enabling access to even further destinations in the future.     

Might astronauts one day be treated like return samples?

The next time humans set foot on the Moon or another planet, will we treat the crew like we would a sample return mission when they come back to Earth? This may seem a surprising or even provocative question, but it is one we need to address. The hurdles and hazards of sending humans to Mars – for example, the technology constraints and physiological and psychological challenges – are many; but let us not forget the need to protect populations and environments from the risk of contamination [United Nations, treaty on principles governing the activities of states in the exploration and use of outer space, including the Moon and other celestial bodies (the “Outer Space Treaty”) referenced 610 UNTS 205 - resolution 2222(XXI) of December 1966].     

An environmentally sensitive dynamic human model for LSS robustness studies with the V-HAB simulation

The development of efficient and safe Life Support Systems is one of the key drivers of the Global Solar System Exploration efforts. For each task performed by Life Support Systems (LSS) a great multitude of sub-system concepts exist and the challenge is to find the optimal combination of sub-systems for a given mission scenario. On a sub-system level the Equivalent Systems Mass (ESM) trade study approach is well suited to effectively compare sub-system options. On a system level in addition to ESM data time dependent sub-system performances within an overall system must be addressed. Criteria such as system stability, controllability and effectiveness must be considered in order to be able to assess the dynamic robustness of systems designed to the averages. In an effort to establish a dynamic simulation environment for this type of LSS optimizations the “Virtual Habitat” tool (V-HAB) is being developed at the Technical University of Munich (TUM). This paper introduces the most important part of the Virtual Habitat simulation, which is the human model.