关于对黄河治理与开发的设想

黄河的危势无时无刻不在威胁着黄淮海平原人们生产与生活的安全,人们都在探讨对黄河的治理与开发的方案,有人建议废弃旧河床重修新河道,有人建议让它改道等等。但,不管采取什么样的治理方式,如果不能从根本上解决黄河的泥沙沉积问题,将都不能从根本上使黄河得到治理。设想从解决黄河泥沙沉积问题入手,探寻治理与开发黄河的途径。     

Studying the evolution of the hot universe with the X-ray evolving universe spectroscopy mission – XEUS

Europe is one of the major partners building the International Space Station (ISS) and European industry, together with ESA, is responsible for many station components including the Columbus Orbital Facility, the Automated Transport Vehicle, two connecting modules and the European Robotic Arm. Together with this impressive list of contributions there is a strong desire within the ESA Member States to benefit from this investment by utilizing the unique capabilities of the ISS to perform world-class science. XEUS is one of the astronomical applications being studied by ESA to utilize the capabilities of the ISS. XEUS will be a long-term X-ray observatory with an initial mirror area of 6 m² at 1 keV that will be expanded to 30 m² following a visit to the ISS. The 1 keV spatial resolution is expected to be 2–5″ half-energy-width. XEUS will consist of separate detector and mirror spacecraft (MSC) aligned by active control to provide a focal length of 50 m. A new detector spacecraft, complete with the next generation of instruments, will also be added after visiting the ISS. The limiting 0.1–2.5 keV sensitivity will then be 4 × 10⁻¹⁸ erg cm⁻² s⁻¹, around 200 times better than XMM-Newton, allowing XEUS to study the properties of the hot baryons and dark matter at high redshift.     

感应加热中功率延伸电缆结构形式的优选设计

在某些特殊工艺的感应加热中,感应线圈需要通过延伸电缆与电源连接.为了解决延伸电缆带来的功率损耗高的问题,分析了并行实芯导体结构、同轴空心导体结构和多束细漆包线密布结构等3种结构形式的电缆的功率损耗和回路电感储能的情况,并进行了试验测定与分析,结果表明,多束细漆包线密布结构电缆上的功率损耗最小,同轴空心导体结构电缆回路的电感量最小.据此,提出了以同轴空心导体结构为基本结构,内、外导体为多束细漆包线密布而成的延伸电缆结构形式.     

From solar nanoflares to stellar giant flares: Scaling laws and non-implications for coronal heating

In this study we explore physical scaling laws applied to solar nanoflares, microflares, and large flares, as well as to stellar giant flares. Solar flare phenomena exhibit a fractal volume scaling, V(L)  L^1.9, with L being the flare loop length scale, which explains the observed correlation between the total emission measure EM_p and flare peak temperature T_p in both solar and stellar flares. However, the detected stellar flares have higher emission measures EM_p than solar flares at the same flare peak temperature T_p, which can be explained by a higher electron density that is caused by shorter heating scale height ratios s_H/L ≈ 0.04–0.1. Using these scaling laws we calculate the total radiated flare energies E_X and thermal flare energies E_T and find that the total counts C are a good proxy for both parameters. Comparing the energies of solar and stellar flares we find that even the smallest observed stellar flares exceed the largest solar flares, and thus their observed frequency distributions are hypothetically affected by an upper cutoff caused by the maximum active region size limit. The powerlaw slopes fitted near the upper cutoff can then not reliably be extrapolated to the microflare regime to evaluate their contribution to coronal heating.     

选择性激光烧结PC粉末的建模研究

建立选择性激光烧结粉末快速成形工艺过程的数值计算模型,并用于估算烧结深度.在该计算模型中,综合考虑了材料的热物性参数随温度变化的情况和激光光强分布不均匀的因素.采用有限差分方法求解烧结过程中的瞬态传热微分方程,对烧结深度进行模拟计算,结果与实验值吻合较好.     

水剂清洗系统的探讨

论述了建立“水剂清洗系统”是我国解决机械清洗的基本技术路线。着重介绍了清洗工艺、设备、槽液、废水处理和管理等问题之间的相互关系及解决办法。     

紫外光与自然光联合光催化处理UDMH废水

提出在光催化剂TiO2 存在下添加Cu2 、H2 O2 作为复合催化剂 ,用紫外光 (UV)作为激发光源 ,然后辅助自然光 (S)催化降解偏二甲肼 (UDMH)废水 ,1 5 0 0mg/L的UDMH经 0 .5h的紫外光激发照射后 ,再经 7天自然光催化降解 ,降解率达 99.9%。该方法既节省了能源 ,与自然降解法相比 ,又大大缩短了废水处理周期 ,因此 ,是一种经济有效、简单可行的UDMH废水处理方法     

泵试验的水温和水密度修正

介绍了泵闭式试验系统和相关标准对试验介质的要求,论述了泵试验对水温的控制要求,给出了常温清水的密度和饱和蒸汽压依随温度的拟合公式,对正确应用泵相似换算定律和水密度修正做了详细地阐述,结合发动机泵试验的特点,提出了经济的水温控制建议。     

低功率水电弧加热发动机的初步研究

本文研究了以水为推进剂的电弧加热发动机。其中电弧加热发动机的流量为15mg/s、电流为8A,此时平均电压为80.5V、功率约为640W、平均推力为0.0975N,以此计算得到比冲为650s左右、效率为55%～60%。成功地验证了水做为电弧加热发动机的推进剂、产生推力的能力。     

TY-3探空火箭突起物气动加热计算

采用平面斜激波理论、锥形流动理论、普朗特-迈耶膨胀流动理论和有关气动加热的理论方法，对TY-3探空火箭的尾翼前缘、气流导流块两突起物处的气动加热情况进行计算，计算结果与飞行实验结果作了比较，证明所采取的防热设计是有效的。