超声速高温冲击射流注水流场实验研究

为了降低发动机羽流冲击流场的温度,减弱其对发射装置的冲击和烧蚀作用,对超声速高温冲击射流的注水流场开展了实验研究。通过高速摄影和红外热像仪两种非接触式测量设备对无注水和注水两种状态下的冲击流场进行了对比拍摄,并且使用热电偶对底板冲击区的温度进行了测量。对注水两相冲击流场的结构和温度场分布进行了深入分析和研究,并与无注水状态下流场进行对比,得出了通过注水方式可以减少核心区长度和面积,降低迎气面温度,减弱其热冲击烧蚀效应的结论。     

发动机防冰支板水滴撞击特性的数值研究

在对发动机防冰支板附近的流场进行计算的基础上,使用离散相模型在拉氏坐标下模拟了该流场中过冷水滴的运动轨迹,对发动机防冰支板的水滴撞击特性进行了研究.研究表明,水滴撞击极限、总收集系数和局部收集系数随飞行高度、来流速度及水滴直径的增加而增大.     

碘工质电推进系统的储供设计及实验研究

碘工质以其低成本、低压且高密度贮存等特点越来越受到重视,承担固气相变和流量供给功能的储供系统是碘工质电推进系统的关键组件。为了提高直接影响阴极和推力器性能的流量供给准确性和稳定性,设计了可采用多种加热方式的碘工质储供系统,结合用于真空舱内的高精度质量传感器,实现了流量的动态监测及mg/s级别的碘蒸气流量控制。针对储罐外部加热、内部辐射加热以及二者复合加热三种加热方式开展实验测量,探究其对流量大小和稳定性的影响规律。结果表明,三种加热方式在满足实验所需条件下均可长期供给稳定流量,辐射加热式的响应时间最快,仅需要10min左右,而外部加热则超过1h;复合加热的方式热控调节虽更为复杂,但可以进一步降低功耗。     

发动机进气道短舱前缘结冰三维模拟研究

为计算发动机进气道短舱前缘的结冰冰形,在Messinger结冰热力学模型的基础上发展了一套纯三维的表面溢流水流动结冰模型。考虑空气摩擦力为表面溢流水流动的主要驱动力,用空气对进气道表面的剪切力来确定溢流水的流动方向及流量分配。为求解溢流水结冰模型,发展了一套重复查找表面控制体状态的方法,能够快速完成整个三维表面的计算。用该方法对某三维发动机进气道进行计算,得到了三维结冰冰形,并将计算结果与FENSAP-ICE计算结果进行了对比,结果显示两者的冰形轮廓基本一致,仅在冰角处存在差异,表明本文三维发动机结冰计算模型与计算方法是有效的,其计算精度与FENSAP-ICE结果相当。     

冰风洞试验中水滴的传热传质计算研究

进行冰风洞试验时,出口过冷水滴的参数往往使用风洞来流空气参数进行计算,忽略了真实情况下水滴与空气的传热传质过程,致使试验数据产生偏差,并影响测试结果的可靠性.通过对冰风洞试验中水滴的运动过程进行研究,考察了水滴与空气主流间的传热与传质现象,建立了水滴运动过程中参数变化的控制方程.基于该方程编制了冰风洞水滴粒径温度变化分析软件,计算分析了过冷水滴在行进过程中相关参数的变化曲线,比较了不同初始条件及各参数对水滴温度、直径和速度的影响.结果表明:不同环境下水滴在运动过程中温度、尺寸和速度变化受来流温度、速度、相对湿度和水滴初始温度的影响,呈现出不同的特点,不能忽略水滴状态参数在冰风洞内的变化.     

负梯度浅海混响条件下吊放声纳主动探测深度研究

负梯度浅海条件下,吊放声纳主动工作时混响呈现"峰"现象,且随吊放声纳深度变化。为此,建立浅海混响模型,采用Bellhop模型计算吊放声纳与海底散射元之间的传播,并依据Jackson模型推导海底反向散射强度的计算方法。结合海底散射面积的估算与吊放声纳主动工作满足小掠射角的特点,对浅海混响进行了仿真和分析。     

载人飞船返回舱着水冲击问题研究进展

通过归纳一般物体入水冲击问题解析法和数值法的种类和发展,对载人飞船返回舱着水冲击问题进行了应用研究;重点对国内外工程上进行的返回舱着水实验进行了整理,并根据实验舱体的复杂程度将其分为模型实验和样机实验两类,指出分别使用刚性缩比模型、弹性缩比模型和样机进行着水实验时,成本、实验周期及其结果数据丰富程度递增的特点,指出了需要注意的弹性近似准确性和样机在不同实验工况下的适应性改造问题：同时对近年来研究较多的返回舱着水冲击问题的仿真分析方法进行了总结对比,讨论了其适用于任意舱体外形、任意姿态着水问题分析以及能够获得全过程详细动力学特性的优势。     

Investigation of thermal protection system by forward-facing cavity and opposing jet combinatorial configuration

 This paper focuses on the usage of the forward-facing cavity and opposing jet combinatorial configuration as the thermal protection system (TPS) for hypersonic vehicles. A hemispherecone nose-tip with the combinatorial configuration is investigated numerically in hypersonic free stream. Some numerical results are validated by experiments. The flow field parameters, aerodynamic force and surface heat flux distribution are obtained. The influence of the opposing jet stagnation pressure on cooling efficiency of the combinatorial TPS is discussed. The detailed numerical results show that the aerodynamic heating is reduced remarkably by the combinatorial system. The recirculation region plays a pivotal role for the reduction of heat flux. The larger the stagnation pressure of opposing jet is, the more the heating reduction is. This kind of combinatorial system is suitable to be the TPS for the high-speed vehicles which need long-range and long time flight.     

摇摆对水平管内单相水阻力特性的影响分析

对摇摆状态下25mm和34.5mm管径水平管内单相水阻力特性进行了实验研究,通过实验发现,摇摆状态下单相水摩擦压降有明显的周期性,并与摇摆周期相同。雷诺数降低、摇摆振幅增加以及管径增加都会使摩擦压降增加。通过对摇摆周期、摇摆幅度、雷诺数和管径等影响因素的分析,给出了摇摆状态下单相水摩擦系数的计算公式。计算结果表明,得到的摩擦压降满足摇摆条件周期波动的特点,计算结果与实验结果符合较好。     

Locating Current Sheets in the Solar Corona

Current sheets are essential for energy dissipation in the solar corona, in particular by enabling magnetic reconnection. Unfortunately, sufficiently thin current sheets cannot be resolved observationally and the theory of their formation is an unresolved issue as well. We consider two predictors of coronal current concentrations, both based on geometrical or even topological properties of a force-free coronal magnetic field. First, there are separatrices related to magnetic nulls. Through separatrices the magnetic connectivity changes discontinuously. Coronal magnetic nulls are, however, very rare. Second, inspired by the concept of generalized magnetic reconnection without nulls, quasi-separatrix layers (QSL) were suggested. Through QSL the magnetic connectivity changes continuously, though strongly. The strength of the connectivity change can be quantified by measuring the squashing of the flux tubes which connect the magnetically conjugated photospheres. We verify the QSL and separatrix concepts by comparing the sites of magnetic nulls and enhanced squashing with the location of current concentrations in the corona. Due to the known difficulties of their direct observation, we simulated coronal current sheets by numerically calculating the response of the corona to energy input from the photosphere, heating a simultaneously observed Extreme Ultraviolet Bright Point. We did not find coronal current sheets at separatrices but at several QSL locations. The reason is that, although the geometrical properties of force-free extrapolated magnetic fields can indeed hint at possible current concentrations, a necessary condition for current sheet formation is the local energy input into the corona.