构建我国林业金融支持体系的战略思考

我国林业肩负着经济发展和生态环境平衡的双重任务,是国民经济可持续发展的重要组成部分。现阶段我国林业面临严峻的资本形成不足、发展资金短缺的困境,对产业发展形成严重制约。通过金融改进与金融创新,林业金融支持理应成为推进我国林业经济可持续发展的战略性机制和基本途径。基于金融战略的视角,从林业资本形成、投资效率、金融运行乒个维度进行分析,梳理了林业产业发展进程中金融支持的内生逻辑,为林业金融支持的框架构建提供了理论依据。     

Design of an innovative multi-stage forming process for a complex aeronautical thin-walled part with very small radii

In this paper, an aeronautical thin-walled part with a complex geometry which has several sharp bends and curvatures in different directions was investigated. This kind of part is difficult to be manufactured only in one stage. Therefore, an innovative multi-stage active hydroforming process assisted by the rigid forming method was designed. In addition, an optimized blank geometry is obtained. In fact, the main focused point of this paper is to propose a new small radius rounded corner forming technique and analyze the mechanism. Two kinds of forming modes of changing a big rounded corner into a small one, which are related to different tangential positions of the die in the process of calibration, are analyzed theoretically. Meanwhile, the stress and strain states of the deformation region are compared. The relationships between the minimum relative radii of rounded corners I and II in the first stage and the hydraulic pressure are calculated by the bending theory. Finally, the influences of the tensile-bulging effect and the interface condition of the double-layer sheet on the forming quality of the specimen are investigated. The achieved results can make a foundation for utilizing the proposed method in forming of thin-walled parts with very small radii.     

薄壁异形树脂基复合材料近净尺寸成型研究

通过对成型工艺选择、模具结构设计及工艺参数的研究,探索了薄壁异形树脂基复合材料近净尺寸成型。研究结果表明,注料式模压克服了传统模压成型装料腔狭窄不易装料的问题,实现了薄壁异形树脂基复合材料的近净尺寸成型,极大地提高了材料利用率、降低了加工难度、缩短了成型周期。     

2219铝合金热变形行为对精密旋压成形的影响

采用Gleeble-3500热力模拟试验机对2219铝合金进行物理模拟。通过应力-应变曲线和金相组织观察研究了2219铝合金的高温塑性流变行为及其对合金旋压变形的影响。结果显示:2219铝合金在高温塑性变形过程中的流变应力主要受变形温度和应变速率的影响,变形量对其影响不明显;随着变形温度的提高或应变速率的降低,应力-应变曲线中的峰值应力和稳态流变应力均呈现下降的趋势。另外,采用"Gleeble"物理模拟+工艺试验的研制路线有助于实现2219铝合金大型结构件旋压成形的"控形",基于热模拟结果设计特征旋压温度(300～350℃)、进给比(0.6～1.5 mm/r)、变形量(30%)对2219铝板进行旋压变形,可获得内、外表面质量均良好的大型铝合金壳体,其壁厚差0.2 mm,且壳体内型面与理论型面样板单边间隙0.1 mm。     

金属基圆弧成形砂轮的电火花修整

根据电火花修整的需要,研制了电火花修整脉冲电源。根据圆弧成形砂轮的修整需要,研制了摆动电极式电火花修整装置。通过电火花修整试验研究了修整过程中的极性效应以及不同电参数对修整效率和整形精度的影响。     

高精度板料半模成形新工艺

通过三个精密零件的成形实验，介绐了以粘塑性材料作传力介质的板料半模成形工艺的特点，研究了拉延过程中抗延力、压边力、容框内压的变化规律，工艺参数的控制对拉延所成败及产品质量的影响。     

高强铝合金热冲压冷模具复合成型

介绍了关于铝合金板材的一种热冲压冷模具淬火复合成型工艺。该工艺在铝合金板材的成型过

程中,同步完成铝合金板材的淬火,随后进行人工时效,极大地提高了铝合金板材的成型极限和强度。因此,成型

件具有更轻的质量,更高的强度和更复杂的几何形状。最后讨论了使用该成型工艺的成型件在航天领域应用前

景。通过对铝合金板材复合成型工艺和应用的介绍,可为我国铝合金板材成型工艺发展和工业化提供参考。

     

热水火箭发动机喷管内流场数值模拟

为了更好地了解热水火箭发动机的工作特性,建立了热水火箭发动机喷管流动的数值计算模型,并通过算例进行验证。通过对发动机喷管内部流场的研究,发现收敛段中压力首先降到初始温度对应的饱和压强,然后继续降低,并且在喉部的位置开始发生相变,从而使流动变为气液两相流,而且喷管出口处气相体积分数高达99%以上;由于变声速的原因,可以使两相流的流动在喉部之后达到超声速;把喷管的流动分为三个过程:单向流动过程、降压闪蒸过程和膨胀加速过程,与常规的化学能火箭发动机相比有类似性,但是由于闪蒸相变的存在,使其存在一定的复杂性。     

3D打印技术在空间站梦天实验舱上的应用

面对梦天实验舱次结构减重需求，提出了面向3D打印技术的次结构拓扑优化设计的方法，完成并掌握了3D打印次结构从设计、工艺、制造、检验等全周期的研制流程。在梦天实验舱发射载荷条件下，通过结构有限元分析及试验验证，对3D打印次结构性能进行了考核。结果表明:在具有一定强度和刚度裕度的前提下，支架减重效果较为明显，面向3D打印技术的次结构拓扑优化设计的方法具有广阔的工程应用前景。     

Evolution mechanism of lamellar α and interlayered β during hot compression of TC21 titanium alloy with a widmanstätten structure

TC21 titanium alloy, as an important metal to fabricate the aircraft structural components, has attracted great attentions recently. A TC21 titanium alloy with widmanstätten structure was isothermally compressed. Based on the microstructure observation, the evolution of initial β grain, Grain Boundary α phase (α_GB), lamellar α and interlayered β was systematically investigated. The results showed that, with the increasing of height reduction, the α_GB underwent an evolution process from bending/kinking to breaking inducing the corresponding blurring of initial coarse β grain outline. Meanwhile, a significant phase transformation from α to β took place at the terminations of broken α_GB. The evolution of lamellar α and interlayered β in the colony was closely related to their deformation compatibility. In the α colony, the interlayered β experienced a larger deformation amount than lamellar α. The higher distortion energy promoted the occurrence of Dynamic Recovery (DRV) and Dynamic Recrystallization (DRX) to generate many Low Angle Boundaries (LABs) and High Angle Boundaries (HABs) in interlayered β, which induced an apparent grain refinement of β phase. On the contrary, the lower distortion energy and low deformation temperature suppressed the occurrence of DRV/DRX and restrained the globularization of lamellar α. Furthermore, the microstructure observation clearly revealed that the shearing separation mechanism dominated the evolution of the α phase from lamellar to short bar-like morphology.