喷注角度对超声速气流中液体横向射流的影响

为探索超声速气流中变角度组合射流对喷注雾化过程的影响，采用高速摄影和基于KH-RT破碎模型的欧拉-拉格朗日数值仿真方法开展研究，仿真结果和实验吻合较好。研究表明，同一流量下逆流喷注，可以较为有效地增强混合效果，提升射流穿透深度。带扩张型面内液雾穿透深度呈现先增大后降低的趋势。等流量条件下顺流双孔喷注有效截面面积大体一致，略低于单孔直喷。等效流量下逆流喷注所得液雾截面面积收益最为明显。截面平均粒径方面，单孔喷注雾化粒径基本一致，顺流双孔喷雾粒径较小。等压降顺流对喷由于流量较大，雾化质量相对较差，平均粒径最大。     

Physics-based model for boundary layer transition prediction in a wide speed range

A new physics-based model employing three transport equations is developed for the simulation of boundary layer transitions in a wide speed range. The laminar kinetic energy is used to represent pretransitional streamwise velocity fluctuations, taking account of different instability modes. The fluctuation velocity components normal to the streamwise direction are modeled by another transport equation. Transition is triggered automatically with the development of the pretransitional velocity fluctuations. In the fully turbulent region, the model reverts to the k-ω turbulence model. Different test cases, including subsonic, supersonic and hypersonic flows around flat plates, airfoils and straight cones, are numerically simulated to validate the performance of the model. The results demonstrate the excellent predictive capabilities of the model in different paths of transition. The model can serve as a basis for the extension of additional transition mechanisms, such as rotation and curvature effects, roughness-induced transition and crossflow-induced transition.     

基于ViBE与面向对象分类的视频卫星运动车辆检测

为了提高视频卫星对运动车辆的检测质量，在经典视觉背景提取器(ViBE)算法的基础上，结合遥感的面向对象分类技术，从提升正确检测运动目标数量和抑制虚假运动目标检测数量两个方面着手，提出了一种新的运动车辆检测方法（VOMVD）。首先通过优化ViBE模型参数，尽可能多地获取真实运动目标，但这在一定程度引入了许多的虚假目标。研究继而依据影像上地面小尺度运动目标和道路的依存关系，采用面向对象的分类方法，基于光谱、纹理、空间属性，构建了均值、标准差、卷积核内平均灰度值、卷积核内平均信息熵、面积、长度、紧密度、延伸度等8个特征，用于提取道路信息，以此掩膜ViBE提取的虚假运动目标和伪运动目标。结果表明，基于本研究提出的视频卫星运动目标检测方法较之三帧差分法、ViBE检测方法等，其精度有明显提升。在本研究中，三帧差分法、ViBE和VOMVD对运动目标的检测精度P分别为70.91%，61.49%和85.71%，召回率R分别为84.78%，98.91%和97.83%，F值分别为77.23%，75.83%和91.37%，有效提升了方法对运动目标的检测效果。     

基于运动信息的视频图像空间目标检测

针对卫星拍摄的以深空为背景的视频图像中空间运动目标的检测问题进行了研究,提出了一种基于运动信息的目标检测算法。首先,通过均值滤波对图像进行降噪处理；然后,采用基于局部统计的可变阈值来分割单帧图像,使用灰度重心法计算像点坐标。当卫星凝视目标区域时,恒星可以认为是静止的,而目标依旧在运动,基于此,可检测出空间运动目标。基于某型卫星在轨拍摄的视频图像验证了算法的有效性。     

基于无线网络的机载数字视频遥测传输技术

针对目前飞行试验视频遥测传输中遇到的遥测频带资源有限、传输视频路数少、数据保密性差等技术问题进行了分析,提出利用单向无线网络进行数字视频遥测传输的技术优势,分析飞行试验单向无线网络数据传输中网络通信协议,主张采用H.264视频压缩技术进行飞行试验图像数据遥测传输的优势技术,对在无线环境下视频传输需要解决的压缩数据编码问题,采用分级编码技术和误码掩盖技术;结合飞行试验对研究结果进行了技术验证,对试验方法和结果进行了说明。     

Pneumatic pressure control based on improved NMPC and its application to aeroengine surge simulation

In the semi-physical simulation of aeroengines, using the pneumatic pressure servo control technology to provide realistic pneumatic excitation to the sensors and electronic controller can improve the confidence of the simulation and reduce the test cost and risk. However, the existing methods could not satisfy the precise simulation of large-amplitude and high-frequency pulsating pressure during aeroengine surge. In this paper, a pneumatic pressure control system with asymmetric groups of the High-Speed on–off Valve (HSV) is designed, and an Improved Nonlinear Model Predictive Control (INMPC) method is proposed. First, the volumetric flow characteristics of HSV are tested and analyzed with Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) signal input. Then, a simplified HSV model with the volume flow characteristic correction is developed. Based on these, an integrated model for the whole system is further established and used as the prediction model in INMPC. To improve the computational speed of the rolling optimization process, the mapping scheme from control signal to PWM duty cycle of HSVs and the objective function with exterior penalty function are designed. Finally, the random step, sinusoidal and real engine surge data are set as the reference pressure in multiple comparative experiments to verify the effectiveness of the pressure tracking system.