运动油滴/固体壁面斜碰撞的状态辨识及特征分析

 航空发动机轴承腔油气两相流动与换热研究是轴承腔润滑与换热设计的重要基础工作,而运动油滴与轴承腔壁面的碰撞状态辨识及特征分析是轴承腔油气两相流动与换热研究的组成部分。基于VOF方法建立了运动油滴与固体壁面斜碰撞数值仿真模型,实现了运动油滴与固体壁面斜碰撞状态的数值模拟,分析了碰撞油滴直径、入射角和碰撞速度对沉积油膜铺展长度、油膜堆积厚度和溅射油滴数目等碰撞状态特征参数的影响规律,提出了运动油滴与固体壁面斜碰撞条件下的状态判断准则,并得到了文献的物理试验工作的支持。研究结果表明:随着油滴入射角减小,沉积油膜铺展长度和油膜堆积厚度增大,溅射油滴数目减少;随着碰撞速度和油滴直径的增大,沉积油膜铺展长度和溅射油滴数目均增大,但油膜堆积厚度对应前者呈减小趋势、对应后者仍呈增大趋势。     

Remote-controlled flexible pose measurement system and method for a moving target in wind tunnel

The measurement of position and attitude parameters for the isolated target from a high-speed aircraft is a great challenge in the field of wind tunnel simulation technology. This paper proposes a remote-controlled flexible pose measurement system in wind tunnel conditions for the separation of a target from an aircraft. The position and attitude parameters of a moving object are obtained by utilizing a single camera with a focal length and camera orientation that can be changed based on different measurement conditions. Using this proposed system and method, both the flexibility and efficiency of the pose measurement system can be enhanced in wind tunnel conditions to meet the measurement requirements of different objects and experiments, which is also useful for the development of an intelligent position and attitude measurement system. The position and the focal length of the camera also can be controlled remotely during measurements to enlarge both the vertical and horizontal measurement range of this system. Experiments are conducted in the laboratory to measure the position and attitude of moving objects with high flexibility and efficiency, and the measurement precision of the measurement system is also verified through experiments.     

A novel architecture of electro-hydrostatic actuator with digital distribution

To address the flow imbalance rapidly of the asymmetric Electro-Hydrostatic Actuator (EHA), this paper presents a novel architecture of asymmetric EHA with the Digital Distribution (EHA-DD). It also improves the flow nonlinearity and control accuracy of the pump, especially in the low-speed condition. The digital distribution with two High-Speed on–off Valves (HSVs) not only balances flow instead of the check valves, but also replaces the pump at the low-speed to control output flow by adjusting the PWM signal. The pump and HSVs are the crucial components to control flow output. Firstly, the flow calculation models of the pump and the duty ratio inversed model of the HSV are obtained through experimental tests and the identification method. To get the control input signal for the required flow, the pump speed and PWM duty ratio for the HSVs are inversed to compensate for flow output. Further, a multimode digital flow distribution control method based on pump speed, mainly including the pump-controlled mode for large flow demand and valve-controlled mode for little flow demand, is proposed to control the accurate flow output actively. The step extension experiments based on the flow calculation models are conducted on the EHA-DD prototype under elastic, opposite varying load. The results demonstrate that the EHA-DD realizes little position error by accurate flow control, and it is also beneficial to improve the service life of the pump.     

多故障转子-滚动轴承系统的动力学特性

为深入研究多故障转子-滚动轴承系统的机理,充分考虑了旋转部件的扭矩、剪切力、转动惯量及陀螺力矩等效应,采用Timoshenko梁单元和转盘单元建立了转子的有限元模型,集成了滚动轴承动力学模型,及不平衡、不对中、碰摩、裂纹及松动等故障模型,得到了多故障转子-滚动轴承系统的动力学方程。采用变步长龙格库塔法,获得了转子-滚动轴承系统的位移响应,研究了系统位移响应随转速变化的分岔图、庞加莱截面,以及故障特征处的时域波形图、轴心轨迹图、相平面图和频谱图,探究了多故障转子-滚动轴承系统的故障特征及其动力学特性和规律。仿真分析结果表明：多故障转子-滚动轴承系统在运行过程中存在周期运动,拟周期运动和复杂的类混沌运动等丰富的非线性行为,且在各非线性行为转速区间内,会呈现不平衡、不对中、碰摩、裂纹和松动等单一故障或耦合故障的特征和现象。     

三轴承矢量喷管红外辐射特性

针对涡扇发动机用三轴承矢量喷管（3BSN）,通过数值模拟的方法研究了在巡航和垂直起降（VTOL）状态即非矢量和90°矢量状态下三轴承矢量喷管的红外辐射空间分布特征,并分析了其影响机理。结果表明,在非矢量状态下由于特殊的几何型面使得喷管下壁面出现了局部高温区,喷流形状也变成椭圆锥形,造成垂直探测面上正探测角壁面红外辐射较负探测角最大增加44.6%,水平探测面上的燃气红外辐射大于垂直探测面;90°矢量状态下,由于偏转的喷管结构对前端高温部件的遮挡,总辐射峰值仅为非矢量状态的43.3%;喷管90°矢量偏转使得远离曲率中心一侧的气流速度降低温度升高,喷管外侧出现了大范围的局部高温区,导致垂直探测面负探测角范围的壁面辐射大于正探测角范围,最大相对差值达到71.9%。喷管偏转也遮挡了部分喷管内部的高温燃气,垂直探测面负探测角的仅能覆盖喷管出口处的高温燃气区域,明显小于正探测角,造成燃气辐射出现了20%的最大相对差值。     

非圆等距型面轮廓X-C轴联动高速磨削试验北大核心CSCD

针对非圆等距型面轮廓磨削加工存在表面质量差的问题,建立基于恒磨除率X-C轴联动磨削理论模型。选用陶瓷CBN砂轮进行三弧段非圆等距型面轮廓的高速磨削正交试验,探究砂轮线速度、工件速度和磨削深度对磨削比能、切向磨削力、磨削温度、表面粗糙度的影响规律。分析表明,砂轮线速度对切向磨削力、表面形貌的影响最大,磨削深度对磨削比能、磨削温度、表面粗糙度的影响最大。进行表面形貌观测未探测到明显的磨削烧伤区域,证明恒磨除率X-C轴联动磨削方式可用于非圆等距型面轮廓磨削加工。     

平面叶栅内固体粒子运动特性的研究

在利用高速摄影技术获得固体粒子在平面叶栅内运动特性的基础上, 采用Lagrangian轨迹法分别在考虑与不考虑边界层影响的情况下, 计算了固体粒子在叶栅内的运动轨迹和速度。通过与实验结果的比较发现:在利用Lagrangian法计算固体粒子的运动特性时, 对于尺寸比较大的粒子可以不考虑边界层的影响, 而对于尺寸比较小的粒子则需考虑边界层的影响。      

基于AFI混合聚类算法的轴承故障诊断方法

针对滚动轴承振动信号标记数据量小、故障模式多样的现状,提出了一种基于AFI混合聚类算法的半监督式轴承振动信号故障诊断方法。利用小波包分解方法提取了信号的能量特征谱,并通过主成分分析方法增强了信号的特征;参考迭代自组织数据分析的“分裂”和“合并”的思想,为人工鱼群算法中的个体鱼增加了“分裂进化”和“合并进化”行为;采用模糊C均值方法定义了隶属度矩阵和目标函数,并利用改进的人工鱼群算法,迭代搜寻了目标函数的全局最优解,得到了各故障模式的聚类中心;通过计算测试数据的最近邻聚类中心,实现了故障模式识别。结果表明,该方法无需指定聚类簇数,能在标记数据量小的情况下完成训练,较同类方法表现出了更优的故障模式识别性能。     

缝纫/RFI层合板单钉连接性能试验研究

通过对不同铺层及不同缝纫角度的缝纫／RFI层合板的单钉单剪连接强度试验,了解到缝纫针脚位置对缝纫层合板机械连接性能有显著的影响。当针脚距离钉孔受挤压边缘较近时,缝纫层合板的挤压破坏强度低于普通的层合板,只有当针脚在钉孔挤压区外或距离钉孔受挤压边缘较远时,缝纫层合板才显示出好于普通层合板的机械连接性能。试验结果还表明铺层比对缝纫层合板的机械连接性能也有影响,其规律类似于普通层合板。