“嫦娥三号”巡视器热试验月面姿态模拟装置研制

月面巡视器在月表移动的过程中,月面起伏和月球(1/6)g重力会对巡视器的热控系统产生不利影响,因此需要在地面试验时对巡视器的热控系统的功能进行验证。文章通过对运动机构在真空低温环境下的适应性研究,研制了一套可以满足"嫦娥三号"巡视器真空热试验中使用的月表姿态模拟装置,该模拟装置通过2套螺旋升降机构实现了巡视器的俯仰和滚动模拟,并经过初样、正样热试验的2次大型试验的使用验证,圆满完成了试验任务,也为以后热试验中运动工装的设计奠定了基础。     

月球无人采样返回探测器一体化热管理方案

针对我国首个月球无人采样返回探测器"嫦娥五号"所面临的散热难题,在调研国外月球采样返回探测器热控方案的基础上,通过论证提出一种"泵驱小型单相流体回路热总线+水升华器"的一体化热管理方案。该方案能够实现"嫦娥五号"着陆器、上升器热量与热沉的综合管理与利用;同时在国内首次将高适应能力主动热控体系结构应用到深空探测航天器中,推动了我国深空探测航天器热控技术的跨越式发展。     

高温高压差动变压器式位移传感器设计

为了满足在高温高压的复杂环境中准确测量位移的要求,专门研制了一种高准确度、低漂移的精密位移传感器。与传统差动变压器式位移传感器相比,该传感器采用了新结构、新工艺和新材料,以及 LVDT信号处理芯片7JHB0187,使传感器能够适应高温高压的使用环境,各项参数指标满足使用要求,从而拓展了该类传感器的应用场合。     

A challenge to the highest balloon altitude

Development of a balloon to fly at higher altitudes is one of the most attractive challenges for scientific balloon technologies. After reaching the highest balloon altitude of 53.0 km using the 3.4 μm film in 2002, a thinner balloon film with a thickness of 2.8 μm was developed. A 5000 m³ balloon made with this film was launched successfully in 2004. However, three 60,000 m³ balloons with the same film launched in 2005, 2006, and 2007, failed during ascent. The mechanical properties of the 2.8 μm film were investigated intensively to look for degradation of the ultimate strength and its elongation as compared to the other thicker balloon films. The requirement of the balloon film was also studied using an empirical and a physical model assuming an axis-symmetrical balloon shape and the static pressure. It was found that the film was strong enough. A stress due to the dynamic pressure by the wind shear is considered as the possible reason for the unsuccessful flights. A 80,000 m³ balloon with cap films covering 9 m from the balloon top will be launch in 2011 to test the appropriateness of this reinforcement.     

Sawtooth substorms generated under conditions of the steadily high solar wind energy input into the magnetosphere: Relationship between PC, AL and ASYM indices

Periodicity in occurrence of magnetic disturbances in polar cap and auroral zone under conditions of steady and powerful solar wind influence on the magnetosphere is analyzed on the example of 9 storm events with distinctly expressed sawtooth substorms (N = 48). Relationships between the polar cap magnetic activity (PC-index), magnetic disturbances in the auroral zone (AL-index) and value of the ring current asymmetry (ASYM index) were examined within the intervals of the PC growth phase and the PC decline phase inherent to each substorm. It is shown that the substorm sudden onsets are always preceded by the PC growth and that the substorm development does not affect the PC growth rate. On achieving the disturbance maximum, the PC and AL indices are simultaneously fall down to the level preceding the substorm, so that the higher the substorm intensity, the larger is the AL and PC drop in the decline phase. The ASYM index increases and decreases in conformity with the PC and AL behavior, the correlation between ASYM and PC being better than between ASYM and AL. Level of the solar wind energy input into the magnetosphere determines periodicity and intensity of disturbances: the higher the coupling function E_KL, the higher is substorm intensity and shorter is substorm length. Taking into account the permanently high level of auroral activity and inconsistency of aurora behavior and magnetic onsets during sawtooth substorms, the conclusion is made that auroral ionosphere conductivity is typically high and ensures an extremely high intensity of field-aligned currents in R1 FAC system. The periodicity of sawtooth substorms is determined by recurrent depletions and restorations of R1 currents, which are responsible for coordinated variations of magnetic activity in the polar cap and auroral zone.     

高超声速飞行器热载荷计算及影响因素分析

对吸热式热防护系统和液氮为冷源的高超声速飞行器热控系统,分别采用辐射热平衡法和双层集总参数法,建立了隔热层和舱内温度场的热力学模型,实现了气动加热、隔热层导热及舱内温度场等各传热环节的解耦.在此基础上,按照X-34验证机的飞行剖面对高超声速飞行器电子设备舱热载荷进行了计算,并分析了隔热层厚度、舱内冷却气体流速及液氮量对舱内温度和电子设备温度的影响.结果表明,该方法对热传递过程各环节响应特性能够较准确的分析,在工程方案初步设计阶段具有重要的应用价值.     

压力对航空煤油RP-3结焦的影响

实验研究航空煤油RP-3在流动状态下的结焦分布情况,并分析了压力对于氧化结焦的影响.实验中采用恒定热流的方式将流经长2 m的单通道不锈钢管(Ф2.2×0.2,1Cr18N i9Ti)中的航空煤油由127℃加热到427℃,质量流量4 g/s,并利用"称重法"获得RP-3结焦数据.通过改变系统压力3,4,5,6,7MPa,研究了压力对RP-3壁面结焦速率的影响规律.实验结果表明,压力的提高,对管壁的结焦有一定的抑制作用,结焦峰值位置也有沿实验段往下游移动的趋势,不同压力情况下的管壁结焦速率分布曲线的形状大致相当.     

泡沫夹层结构复合材料热膨胀模压法工艺研究

在传统泡沫夹层结构复合材料成型工艺基础上,探索了一种新型的夹层结构成型工艺。传统工艺需要热压罐、真空袋等外部设备来为成型提供压力,文中提出了利用泡沫本身热膨胀和刚性模具的限制作用,为泡沫夹层结构复合材料提供成型压力。通过对泡沫芯材的模压发泡工艺的控制、监测,分析了夹层结构成型时内部产生压力的大小。同时,对其弯曲强度和剥离强度进行了表征。实验结果表明:控制芯材密度、发泡温度和发泡时间能有效地提高夹层结构的成型压力和力学性能。     

试件合金成分对热输出影响的研究

箔式电阻应变片在热试验中得到广泛应用,影响热输出的因素有很多。文中对应变热输出的定义进行了阐述,并将影响应变热输出的因素进行了归纳。针对粘贴型箔式电阻应变片应用在热试验中的热输出问题进行研究,对试件合金成分不同是否会影响应变热输出进行对比试验及结果分析;得出试件合金成分不同会对热输出产生影响的结论。