Dynamical evolution of high area-to-mass ratio debris released into GPS orbits

A large set of simulations, including all the relevant perturbations, was carried out to investigate the long-term dynamical evolution of fictitious high area-to-mass ratio (A/M) objects released, with a negligible velocity variation, in each of the six orbital planes used by Global Positioning System (GPS) satellites. As with similar objects discovered in near synchronous trajectories, long lifetime orbits, with mean motions of about 2 revolutions per day, were found possible for debris characterized by extremely high area-to-mass ratios. Often the lifetime exceeds 100 years up to A/M ∼ 45 m²/kg, decreasing rapidly to a few months above such a threshold. However, the details of the evolution, which are conditioned by the complex interplay of solar radiation pressure and geopotential plus luni-solar resonances, depend on the initial conditions. Different behaviors are thus possible. In any case, objects like those discovered in synchronous orbits, with A/M as high as 20–40 m²/kg, could also survive in this orbital regime, with semi-major axes close to the semi-synchronous values, with maximum eccentricities between 0.3 and 0.7, and with significant orbit pole precessions (faster and wider for increasing values of A/M), leading to inclinations between 30° and more than 90°.     

Cosmic ray studies at Moussala – Past,present and future

We review the main activities carried out at Moussala peak (2925 m above sea level, 42°11′N, 23°35′E) station in Bulgaria, connected with cosmic ray investigations during the last five decades. Several important results obtained at the station are reported. The detector design and corresponding methodological studies of the presently operational devices are shown as well, precisely the Cherenkov light telescope, lead free neutron monitor and muon telescope. The scientific potential of the existing complex is discussed.     

An artificial neural network approach for aerodynamic performance retention in airframe noise reduction design of a 3D swept wing model

With the progress of high-bypass turbofan and the innovation of silencing nacelle in engine noise reduction, airframe noise has now become another important sound source besides the engine noise. Thus, reducing airframe noise makes a great contribution to the overall noise reduction of a civil aircraft. However, reducing airframe noise often leads to aerodynamic perfor-mance loss in the meantime. In this case, an approach based on artificial neural network is intro-duced. An established database serves as a basis and the training sample of a back propagation (BP) artificial neural network, which uses confidence coefficient reasoning method for optimization later on. Then the most satisfactory configuration is selected for validating computations through the trained BP network. On the basis of the artificial neural network approach, an optimization pro-cess of slat cove filler (SCF) for high lift devices (HLD) on the Trap Wing is presented. Aerody-namic performance of both the baseline and optimized configurations is investigated through unsteady detached eddy simulations (DES), and a hybrid method, which combines unsteady DES method with acoustic analogy theory, is employed to validate the noise reduction effect. The numerical results indicate not merely a significant airframe noise reduction effect but also excel-lent aerodynamic performance retention simultaneously.     

用神经网络法编程加工轮毂上特殊曲面的探讨

根据轮毂上曲面的特殊性,提出了采用神经网络方法进行编程,实现数控加工,以取代传统的加工方法的设想。     

发动机某型号节流圈的切削加工

某型号节流圈,其结构特点是壁薄,壁厚仅2.5mm,轴向尺寸小,精度高,刚性差;加工难点为装夹时容易变形,尺寸精度难以保证。通过设计、制作专用夹具,优化加工参数,解决了这一加工难题。这样既保证了产品质量,降低了加工难度又显著提高了生产效率。     

航路爬升性能计算

本文以 B737—300为例介绍了根据飞机及发动机的极曲线、最大爬升推力和燃油流量等原始数据及给定的爬升规律(如表速250KT/280KT/M0.74)计算在标准大气和非标准大气中航路爬升性能的方法及程序,计算结果与该机型使用手册中给出的 ISA—10,ISA,…,ISA 20的爬升数值表非常吻合。本文所述的方法及程序是通用的,对大爬升角的情况亦适用。     

Investigation of natural and artificial stimulation of the ionospheric Alfvén resonator at high latitude

A brief review is provided of recent progress in understanding the ionospheric Alfvén resonator (IAR) at high latitude. Firstly, naturally occurring resonances of the IAR as detected by pulsation magnetometers in the auroral zone at Sodankylä and in the polar cap at Barentsburg are considered. The characteristics of the IAR in the two regions are broadly similar, although the effects of solar illumination are less clear at the higher latitudes. Secondly we review recent attempts to stimulate the IAR through high-power radio frequency experiments both in the auroral zone at Tromsø with the European Incoherent SCATter (EISCAT) heater, and within the polar cap at Longyearbyen with the Space Plasma Exploration by Active Radar (SPEAR) facility. In the auroral zone at, Tromsø the stimulated IAR has been observed by ground-based magnetometers, and through electron acceleration observed on the FAST spacecraft. At SPEAR in the polar cap, the stimulated IAR has been investigated, with ground magnetometers, with the first results indicative of a positive detection.     

涡扇发动机性能退化缓解控制与推力设定

为了补偿性能退化发动机的推力损失,减轻飞行员工作负担,提高推进系统的自动化程度,开展了涡扇发动机性能退化缓解控制(EPDMC)研究。针对某型涡扇发动机部件级模型设计了具备稳态控制、加/减速过渡态控制和极限保护等功能的基准控制器;在此基础上设计了外环推力控制回路,给出1种在多参数约束下的推力设定方法,并设计了合理的切换逻辑确保内外环控制器能协调工作。MATLAB/Simulink下的仿真结果表明:该智能改进控制系统架构可以在保证发动机安全工作的前提下,通过合理地设定期望推力,最大程度地补偿推力损失,维持油门杆角度和推力的对应关系近似不变。     

基于神经网络的雷达抗干扰效能评估方法

雷达抗干扰效能是衡量雷达设备性能的重要指标,如何准确、客观、快捷地评估雷达抗干扰效能,对雷达、干扰双方均具有重要的现实意义。文章通过对雷达传统的抗干扰效能加权评估方法的分析,提出了基于神经网络的雷达抗干扰效能综合评估方法,并将该评估方法应用于雷达接收机抗干扰的技术等级评判实例中。实例结果表明,该评估方法能客观、定量地评估雷达抗干扰效能,具有一定的实用性。     

民用飞机空气起动系统性能评估方法

根据民用飞机起动系统设计特点,分别给出了起动轴功率检查和起动机进口参数检查2种起动性能评估方法,并对2种方法进行了对比,起动轴功率检查方法可以直接反映起动机轴功率的设计状态;而起动机进口参数检查方法可以直接反映出起动关键参数(流量、总温和总压)的设计状态。最后,以某型辅助动力装置供气的起动性能计算为例验证了基于起动机进口参数的计算方法。