高效放电加工技术研究现状

电火花加工技术经过多年的发展,已经成为一门成熟且不可或缺的加工方法,新工艺、新方法和新装备层出不穷,如何提高加工效率一直是人们所关注的焦点。电火花加工过程中,为防止对工件产生损伤,要避免电弧放电,通过各种工艺手段提高加工效率的效果不明显。通过有效控制电弧通断,利用电弧弧柱极高的能量去除材料,可以极大地提高放电加工效率,是近年来研究高效放电加工的一个新方向。另外,放电烧蚀加工利用电火花放电作为诱导能量,控制金属基体与通入的氧气燃烧产生化学能用于蚀除工件,该能量远远大于脉冲电源的能量,是高效放电加工的另外一个新方向。放电烧蚀加工辅以其他方法形成复合加工,对已烧蚀表面进行优化处理,可以实现高加工效率的同时获得良好的表面质量。综述了电火花加工、电弧加工和放电烧蚀加工技术在高效加工方面的研究现状。     

ELGR: An Energy-efficiency and Load-balanced Geographic Routing Algorithm for Lossy Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

Geographic routing is a highly active area of research in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) owing to its efficiency and scalability. However, the use of simple greedy forwarding decreases the packet reception rate (PRR) dramatically in unreliable wireless environments; this also depresses the network lifetime. Therefore, it is important to improve delivery performance and prolong MANET lifetime simultaneously. In this article, a novel geographic routing algorithm, named energy-efficiency and load-loalanced geographic routing (ELGR), is presented for lossy MANETs. ELGR combines energy efficiency and load balance to make routing decisions. First, a link estimation scheme for the PRR is presented that increases the network energy efficiency level. Second, a learning method is proposed to adaptively sense local network loads, allowing enhanced whole network load balance. The results of a simulation show that ELGR performs better than several other geographic routing algorithms; in particular it extends network lifetime by about 20%, with a higher delivery ratio.     

二维活塞航空燃油泵容积效率分析

提出了一种二维活塞燃油泵，该泵利用二维活塞的旋转运动将配流机构集成到活塞上，去除了传统柱塞泵独立的配流机构，简化了泵的结构、提升了泵的功率密度，而且由于主要运动机构采用了滚动轴承支撑，免除了滑动摩擦副及其产生的泄漏，提高了效率。对泵的容积效率进行理论分析和实验研究。结合泵的结构原理分析了造成容积损失的内泄、外泄及油液压缩性等3种主要原因；应用层流和紊流的缝隙流动基本理论推导出泄漏解析表达式，着重分析了不同配流开口形式产生的内泄漏；综合考虑油液压缩性和泄漏获得了容积效率数学模型。理论研究表明采用负开口配流形式可以有效减小内泄漏，定量分析了泄漏流量与负开口量的关系，同时利用Fluent进行配流过程中泵腔内的流场数值模拟，结果表明可以有效减小油液倒灌。为了验证理论分析的有效性，制作二维活塞燃油泵样机，以航空煤油为介质进行台架实验。样机实验结果表明在负载压力2 MPa，转速从1 000 r/min到5 000 r/min，容积效率从93.6%提升到98.1%；当转速为2 000 r/min，负载压力从1 MPa增大到5 MPa，容积效率从97.5%降低到92.3%。以现有的齿轮泵和柱塞泵相比容积效率显著提高，理论与实验的结果偏差在4%以内，表明理论分析的有效性和正确性。     

High magnetic gradient environment causes alterations of cytoskeleton and cytoskeleton-associated genes in human osteoblasts cultured in vitro

The effects of a high magnetic gradient environment (HMGE) on the cytoskeletal architecture and genes associated with the cytoskeleton in osteoblasts (MC3T3-E1 and MG-63 cells) were investigated using confocal microscopy, real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The findings showed that, under diamagnetic levitation conditions, the architecture and average height of the cytoskeleton and surface roughness in osteoblasts were dramatically altered. HMGE affects cytoskeleton arrangement and cytoskeleton-associated gene expression.     

Design concepts for the first 40 km a key step for the space elevator

The Marine Node for the Space Elevator Infrastructure is the base for all activities to load and unload the cargo and climbers. As the basic design of the space elevator power system is solar power only, the first 40 km is hazardous to operations and demands enclosed packaging of fragile tether climbers. A significant question is: how do we place a full-up tether climber, driven by solar power, above the atmosphere? Two approaches, starting at the Marine Node, allow the tether climber to initiate the climb with solar energy above the atmosphere. The third viable approach is to provide a platform at altitude for initiation of tether climb. These approaches would enable solar power to be the source of energy for climbing. The three approaches are:     

Analytical and semi-analytical investigations of geosynchronous space debris with high area-to-mass ratios

This paper provides a Hamiltonian formulation of the averaged equations of motion with respect to short periods (1 day) of a space debris subjected to direct solar radiation pressure and orbiting near the geostationary ring. This theory is based on a semi-analytical theory of order 1 regarding the averaging process, formulated using canonical and non-singular elements for eccentricity and inclination. The analysis is based on an expansion in powers of the eccentricity and of the inclination, truncated at an arbitrary high order.     

火焰筒多斜孔冷却方式壁温梯度和冷却效率试验

针对高温升燃烧室以延长其火焰筒使用寿命为目的,实验研究了多斜孔冷却方式孔排列方式、壁厚与孔径比h/d以及无量纲参数PS/d2对主燃烧室采用多斜孔冷却方式的火焰筒壁温梯度和冷却效率的影响.实验中冷却气为常温常压,主流速度u_g≈20 m/s,多斜孔内气流与主流速度比约为0.66,主流与冷却气温度比约为1.2.实验结果表明:长菱形多斜孔实验板比正菱形实验板壁温梯度小、冷却效率高;减小h/d或者增大PS/d2都可以降低壁温梯度,但同时冷却效率也会降低.      

农地产权与经营制度对农地经营效益的影响

农地产权与经营制度是农业生产赖以运行和发展的社会形式。特定的农地制度总是与特定的农业产力相适应而形成特定的农业生产方式,并由此获得相应的农地经营效益。不同的产权制度,反映了人们在农地上的不同地位,形成利益上的差别,从而影响人们在农业生产中的行为;不同的农地产权制度具有不同的农业资源配置机制与方式,并最终影响到农地经营效益和农村经济发展。农地经营制度、农地经营规模、农地集约化程度也是影响农地经营效益的重要因素。     

能量效率准则在导弹拦截系统评估中的应用

将能量效率物理准则引入对导弹系统的评估.系统的效率取决于总的能量资源和对能量流的控制,通过对导弹武器系统形态的描述,给出了能量效率准则在导弹拦截系统中的应用,对于导弹武器系统作战效能评估及实际应用具有参考价值.     

氢氧同轴式喷嘴燃烧性能试验研究

为了研究氢氧直流同轴式喷嘴的结构参数和工作参数对燃烧性能的影响,进行了热试验和分析,并拟合出了喷嘴缩进深度、速度比和动量比与燃烧效率的关系。研究表明：氧喷嘴缩进深度、氢氧喷射速度比和动量比等是影响氢氧同轴式喷嘴燃烧性能的主要因素,其中喷嘴缩进深度的影响最为显著。