Comparison of model and experimental ionospheric parameters at high latitudes

Modern use and study of the auroral region needs to attract a wider class of models for describing conditions of radio wave propagation in the ionosphere. In this paper the possibilities of the International Reference Ionosphere model, well-proven and widespread in the mid-latitudes, are investigated in the high latitude zone. Model and measured values of the critical frequency foF2 for two mid-latitude stations (Juliusruh and Goosebay) and four high-latitude ones (Loparskaya, Sodankyla, Sondrestrom, Thule) are compared. Deviations of medians, variations from day to day and solar activity trends seemed to be similar for both areas. This similarity is irrespective of the RZ12 index. Special attention is paid to the TEC parameter and its determination using 6 versions of models, a new version of the model IRI2010 (IRI-Plas) among them. It is shown that the IRI-Plas model significantly improves the definition of TEC in contrast to the versions of IRI2007 and the new model NeQuick. The use of the median of the experimental equivalent slab thickness, together with the current values of the TEC, increases by a factor of two the agreement between calculated and measured foF2 values as compared with the variations from day to day. This allows foF2 to be defined in near-real time.     

Dynamical evolution of high area-to-mass ratio objects in Molniya orbits

For special demands, some notable orbit types have been developed by human, including the Molniya orbits, which have a relatively high eccentricity up to about 0.7, and a period of 12 h. Considering that space debris with high area-to-mass ratio (A/M) has been discovered, such objects may also exist in Molniya orbits due to spacecraft and upper stages fragmentation events. However, there are not sufficient studies of the complex dynamical phenomena of such orbits. These studies can enrich the knowledge about the long-term evolution of these orbits, be helpful to propose uncatalogued objects observation and identification, and also set the protected region as well as active debris removal. In this paper, the characteristics of 2:1 resonance of Molniya satellite orbits are studied. A large set of numerical simulations, including all the relevant perturbations, is carried out to further investigate the main characteristics, and special attention is payed to the dynamical evolution of objects with high A/M, particularly affected by the direct solar radiation pressure. The long-term dynamical evolution of orbital elements, as well as the dependency of lifetime on the A/M value, is discussed.     

塞锥截短对塞式喷管性能影响的实验

为了研究塞锥截短对塞式喷管性能的影响,对截短率为80%、40%、30%和20%的塞式喷管进行了冷流实验.介绍了实验系统的组成和推力测量方式,得到了不同塞锥截短率的推力系数效率的高度特性曲线.实验结果表明:截短率越小,效率越低,不同截短率的效率差别随着压强比的增加而减小;随着截短率增大,截短率对效率的影响程度逐渐降低.截短率太小,性能损失较大;截短率太大,塞锥的尺寸增大,而性能提高却不明显.通常的取值范围是30%~40%.      

面向下行多天线传输的能效最优上行训练

针对时分双工(TDD,Time Division Duplex)多天线系统的下行传输,研究了以能量效率(EE,Energy Efficiency)最大为准则的上行训练设计问题.证明了存在信道估计误差时系统EE和频谱效率(SE,Spectrum Efficiency)上界是上行训练长度的凹函数,分析了信噪比和电路功耗等因素对两种准则下最优训练长度的影响.分析和仿真结果表明,当信噪比很高时,基于EE最优的设计将退化成基于SE最优的设计;而一般情况下,与最大化SE的训练设计相比,最大化EE要求系统配置更长的训练.     

遥感卫星高速数传信息流设计

随着卫星遥感技术水平的提高,遥感数据的类型和数据量快速增加。为适应多类型、高速率遥感数据传输的复杂需求,对数传信息流进行了顶层设计,定义了数传与遥感系统数据接口以及数传帧格式,对遥感数据传输所需码速率进行了分类计算,为设计固定的下行数传码速率提供了依据。进而针对不同类型的遥感数据提出了基于分组优先级虚拟信道动态调度策略的数传信息流设计方案,确保不同类型遥感数据的传输满足不同的应用需求。对高速遥感数据确保满足较低的缓存容量需求,对低速遥感数据确保满足实时性传输需求。采用动态仿真技术对数传信息流设计方案进行了试验验证。设计方案可为后续新一代遥感卫星数传系统设计提供参考。     

高温高压差动变压器式位移传感器设计

为了满足在高温高压的复杂环境中准确测量位移的要求,专门研制了一种高准确度、低漂移的精密位移传感器。与传统差动变压器式位移传感器相比,该传感器采用了新结构、新工艺和新材料,以及 LVDT信号处理芯片7JHB0187,使传感器能够适应高温高压的使用环境,各项参数指标满足使用要求,从而拓展了该类传感器的应用场合。     

模型冲压发动机低压条件下燃烧效率试验

在亚燃冲压发动机直连式高空试验系统上,实现了模型冲压发动机在40～60 kPa条件下的点火和稳定燃烧,研究了燃烧室构型、燃烧室入口来流条件以及燃料当量比对燃烧效率的影响。试验结果表明:低压条件下的燃烧效率比常压和高压条件下的燃烧效率都要低;但低压条件下燃烧效率随燃烧室构型、模拟来流条件和燃料当量比的变化规律与常压和高压下的情况基本一致,增加燃烧室长度、提高来流总压和总温、增大燃料当量比,降低飞行高度,以及增强煤油的雾化和混合,都有利于提高燃烧效率;与常压和高压下的情况不同的是减小凹腔长深比能进一步提高燃烧效率。     

HEDM－CMDB推进剂燃烧性能的理论预测

利用建立不久的双基系平台推进燃烧模型，对几种ＨＥＤＭ加入平台推进剂后的燃烧性能进行了理论计算。结果表明：在所计算的几种ＨＥＤＭ中，ＨＮＨＡＡ最有利于提高燃速；ＣＬ－２０最有利于降低燃速压力指数；ＣＬ－２０作为平台推进剂的高能填料综合性能最好。     

压气机效率的正确变比热计算

随着实际压气机压机压比不断增高，按定比热等熵指数ｋ＝１．４的算法，误差越来越大。文中按照给定或实验测定压比，初温，终温的命题，给出计算效率的正确变化比热算法，并控压比５至３０分档作出算例，同时检验出，如简单地按初温冬温求ｋ算效率误差很大，几乎与定比热法同一量级。工程中常年用定比热已久，如何给出简便校正方法。尚待研究。     

透气性推进剂对流燃烧特性的影响因素

研究了透气性推进剂（ＧＰＰ）稳定对流燃速和对流燃烧转变压力的影响因素。这些因素包括：ＧＰＰ密度，基础质量燃速，微孔参数及燃烧压力等。通过图象分析仪测定ＧＰＰ的微孔参数，并用大容量密闭爆发器测定ＧＰＰ的对流燃烧等特性。获得了ＧＰＰ对流燃烧转为压力主要与初始平均孔径和ＧＰＰ密度有关的结论。对于所研究的体系，对流转变压力大致上与ＧＰＰ密度的平方成正比，而与初始孔径成反比。稳定对流燃速的大小则随ＧＰＰ密度