Flutter analysis of hybrid metal-composite low aspect ratio trapezoidal wings in supersonic flow

An effective 3D supersonic Mach box approach in combination with non-classical hybrid metal-composite plate theory has been used to investigate flutter boundaries of trapezoidal low aspect ratio wings. The wing structure is composed of two main components including alu-minum material (in-board section) and laminated composite material (out-board section). A global Ritz method is used with simple polynomials being employed as the trial functions. The most important objective of the present research is to study the effect of composite to metal proportion of hybrid wing structure on flutter boundaries in low supersonic regime. In addition, the effect of some important geometrical parameters such as sweep angle, taper ratio and aspect ratio on flutter boundaries were studied. The results obtained by present approach for special cases like pure metal-lic wings and results for high supersonic regime based on piston theory show a good agreement with those obtained by other investigators.     

Long term and safe relative orbit design for heterogeneous spacecraft clusters

The problem of obtaining long term relative orbit configurations for spacecraft clusters with realistic operational considerations such as safety, station keeping and inter-spacecraft distances is addressed. Two different approaches are developed for station keeping and safety objectives. In the first approach, relative orbit configurations, or relative TLEs, are found minimizing deviations from reference mean orbit which would maximize the station-keeping objective. In second one, relative configurations are found from a reference initial condition by minimizing probability of collision, hence maximizing the safety objective, between the spacecraft in the cluster which are propagated numerically through a high precision orbit propagator. For the design optimization, a derivative free algorithm is proposed. Effectiveness of the approaches is demonstrated through simulations. Using this design framework, several configurations can be found by exploring the limits of the clusters in terms of spacecraft number, distance bounds and probabilities of collision for long time intervals.     

高效放电加工技术研究现状

电火花加工技术经过多年的发展,已经成为一门成熟且不可或缺的加工方法,新工艺、新方法和新装备层出不穷,如何提高加工效率一直是人们所关注的焦点。电火花加工过程中,为防止对工件产生损伤,要避免电弧放电,通过各种工艺手段提高加工效率的效果不明显。通过有效控制电弧通断,利用电弧弧柱极高的能量去除材料,可以极大地提高放电加工效率,是近年来研究高效放电加工的一个新方向。另外,放电烧蚀加工利用电火花放电作为诱导能量,控制金属基体与通入的氧气燃烧产生化学能用于蚀除工件,该能量远远大于脉冲电源的能量,是高效放电加工的另外一个新方向。放电烧蚀加工辅以其他方法形成复合加工,对已烧蚀表面进行优化处理,可以实现高加工效率的同时获得良好的表面质量。综述了电火花加工、电弧加工和放电烧蚀加工技术在高效加工方面的研究现状。     

A note on the relationship between sunspot numbers and active days

We have studied the relationship between three different versions of the sunspot number (Group, International and American Sunspot Number) and the number of active days (i.e., the number of days with spots on the solar disk). We have detected an approximately linear relationship for low solar activity conditions. However, this relationship for the International Sunspot Number is very different to the ones obtained with the other versions of the sunspot number. The discordant values correspond to older observations.     

High magnetic gradient environment causes alterations of cytoskeleton and cytoskeleton-associated genes in human osteoblasts cultured in vitro

The effects of a high magnetic gradient environment (HMGE) on the cytoskeletal architecture and genes associated with the cytoskeleton in osteoblasts (MC3T3-E1 and MG-63 cells) were investigated using confocal microscopy, real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The findings showed that, under diamagnetic levitation conditions, the architecture and average height of the cytoskeleton and surface roughness in osteoblasts were dramatically altered. HMGE affects cytoskeleton arrangement and cytoskeleton-associated gene expression.     

尾迹对涡轮动叶全表面气膜冷却效率的影响

采用压敏漆（PSP）测量技术研究了尾迹对涡轮动叶气膜冷却效率的影响，测试叶片带有11排圆柱形气膜孔。获得了不同质量流量比和尾迹斯特劳哈尔数（Sr=0，0.12，0.36）条件下全表面气膜冷却效率分布的试验数据，结果表明：随着尾迹Sr数的增加，叶片前缘区域径向平均气膜冷却效率最大降低幅度达36.5%，吸力面径向平均气膜冷却效率最大降低幅度达53.5%，压力面径向平均气膜冷却效率最大降低幅度达24.2%；尾迹对前缘和吸力面气膜冷却效率的影响大于压力面；随着质量流量比增加，尾迹的影响减小；在进行涡轮动叶表面气膜冷却结构设计时，不考虑尾迹效应会增加设计风险。     

Design concepts for the first 40 km a key step for the space elevator

The Marine Node for the Space Elevator Infrastructure is the base for all activities to load and unload the cargo and climbers. As the basic design of the space elevator power system is solar power only, the first 40 km is hazardous to operations and demands enclosed packaging of fragile tether climbers. A significant question is: how do we place a full-up tether climber, driven by solar power, above the atmosphere? Two approaches, starting at the Marine Node, allow the tether climber to initiate the climb with solar energy above the atmosphere. The third viable approach is to provide a platform at altitude for initiation of tether climb. These approaches would enable solar power to be the source of energy for climbing. The three approaches are:     

用确定性涡方法模拟二维钝体绕流

以离散涡方法为基础,采用粒子强度交换法模拟涡量扩散方程,对粒子场分布产生扭曲变形时采用粒子强度重分配,数值模拟了突然起动圆柱、风攻角为的方形截面和大海带东桥的流场,计算结果与解析解及其他数值方法计算的结果均吻合的很好,数值结果显示确定性涡方法的高精度的特性使其在模拟钝体扰流问题方面具有很大的优势.     

Analytical and semi-analytical investigations of geosynchronous space debris with high area-to-mass ratios

This paper provides a Hamiltonian formulation of the averaged equations of motion with respect to short periods (1 day) of a space debris subjected to direct solar radiation pressure and orbiting near the geostationary ring. This theory is based on a semi-analytical theory of order 1 regarding the averaging process, formulated using canonical and non-singular elements for eccentricity and inclination. The analysis is based on an expansion in powers of the eccentricity and of the inclination, truncated at an arbitrary high order.     

低雷诺数下翼型前缘流动分离机制的研究

采用高精度有限差分格式,对来流雷诺数为1.0×104,攻角为3°的二维翼型流动进行了直接数值模拟,研究了低雷诺数下翼型前缘流动的分离机制,描述了分离涡系的相互作用规律.计算结果表明:前缘椭圆弧靠近叶身位置存在吸力峰,流动在吸力峰内强逆压梯度的作用下发生分离;翼型上表面形成了包含驻留涡、脱落涡和二次涡的涡系结构,其尺度随时间不断变化,具有强烈的非定常性;表面压力分布曲线可以较好的描述翼型边界层流动.