出口封闭的冲压发动机进气道激波振荡现象

采用计算流体力学和风洞试验两种手段,对冲压发动机出口封闭的多种超声速进气道内通道气流振荡现象进行了研究。结果表明,在一定的超声速范围内,封闭的进气道内通道发生了较强气流振荡现象,振荡频率、幅值和内通道长度、飞行马赫数有关,该振荡现象是一种自激振荡现象。利用亥姆霍兹共振器频率公式可以对封闭的进气道内通道振荡频率进行预估,并对其归纳出一种修正方法,可以结合模型试验结果对进气道和燃烧室内流振荡频率和幅值进行分析,为飞行试验提供预估和参考。     

Possible physical properties of the flow in the vicinity of the heliopause

An interface between the fully ionized hydrogen plasma of the solar wind (SW) and the partially ionized hydrogen gas flow of the local interstellar medium (LISM) is formed as a region where there is a strong interaction between these two flows. The interface is bounded by the solar wind termination shock (TS) and the LISM bow shock (BS) and is separated on two regions by the heliopause (HP) separating the solar wind and charged component of the LISM (plasma component below). The BS is formed due to the deceleration of the supersonic LISM flow relative to the solar system. Regions of the interface between the TS and HP and between the HP and BS were in literature named as the inner and outer heliosheaths, respectively. An investigation of the structure and physical properties of the heliosheath is at present especially interested due to the fact that Voyager-1 and Voyager-2 have crossed the TS in December 2004 (Burlaga, L.F., Ness, N.F., Acuna, M.Y., et al. Crossing the termination shock into the the heliosheath. Magnetic fields. Science 309, 2027–2029, 2005; Fisk, L.A. Journey into the unknown beyond. Science 309, 2016–2017, 2005; Decker, R.B., Krimigis, S.M., Roelof, E.C., et al. Voyager 1 in the foreshock, termination shock and heliosheath. Science 309, 2020–2024, 2005; Stone, E.C., Cummings, A.C., McDonald, F.B., et al. Voyager 1 explores the termination shock region and the heliosheath beyond. Science 309, 2017–2020, 2005) and in September 2007 (Jokipii, J.R. A shock for Voyager 2. Nature 454, 38–39, 2008; Gurnett, D.A., Kurth, W.S. Intense plasma waves at and near the solar wind termination shock. Nature 454, 78–80, 2008. doi: 10.1038/nature07023; Wang, L., Lin, R.P., Larson, D.E., Luhmann, J.G. Domination of heliosheath pressure by shock-accelerated pickup ions from observations of neutral atoms. Nature 454, 81–83, 2008. doi: 10.1038/nature07068.14; Burlaga, L.F., Ness, N.F., Acuna, M.H., et al. Magnetic fields at the solar wind termination shock. Nature 454, 75–77, 2008. doi: 10.1038/nature07029; Richardson, J.D., Kasper, J.C., Wang, C., et al. Cool heliosheath plasma and deceleration of the upstream solar wind at the termination shock. Nature 454, 63–66, 2008. doi: 10.1038/nature07024; Stone, E.C., Cummings, A.C., McDonald, F.B., et al. An asymmetric solar wind termination shock. Nature 454, 71–74, 2008. doi: 10.1038/nature07022; Decker, R.B., Krimigis, S.M., Roelof, E.C., et al. Mediation of the solar wind termination shock by non-thermal ions. Nature 454, 67–70, 2008. doi: 10.1038/nature 07030), respectively, and entered to the inner heliosheath.     

跨声速涡轮叶栅两点优化目标函数研究

针对跨声速涡轮叶栅单点优化方法难以获得整体工况性能提升、多点优化方法难以确定合理目标函数形式的问题，提出了两点优化的方法。为了节约优化时间成本，优化过程采用EIF （Equivalent inviscid flow） 模型进行数值模拟，通过添加惩罚函数保证叶栅满足设计流量和负荷要求，并采用叶栅效率线性平均的目标函数形式进行评价。选择两组跨声速涡轮叶栅进行优化设计，并利用CFD方法分析叶型变化对流场马赫数、激波和损失产生的影响。结果显示，所提出的优化设计方法在保证设计工况性能的同时，能够提升叶栅整体工况性能。通过流场分析，揭示了激波结构变化对不同工况损失影响的定性规律。综合全文研究后，给出了一种适用于跨声速涡轮叶栅两点优化设计的目标函数形式。     

The large-scale structure of the heliospheric current sheet during the Ulysses epoch

Space Science Reviews - Ulysses is traversing the Sun's polar regions for the first time a year or two before solar minimum. If the heliospheric magnetic field behaves as we expect, the...     

高超声速双模块内转式进气道的流动特性研究-Part II 攻角影响

为了研究飞行攻角对高超声速双模块内转式进气道流动的影响,本文通过试验和仿真方法,获得了0°,4°和6°攻角条件下进气道模块内的流动结构。结果表明：在本文研究的攻角范围内,进气道均可起动,进气道压缩面侧的压力变化体现了基准流场的流动特性。在耦合作用下进气道模块间压缩面诱导的激波形态沿流向由弓形逐渐发展为钟形,并且在外压缩激波的扫掠影响下进气道的三个角区出现了强度不同的旋涡结构。进气道压缩面侧的角区旋涡随着攻角的增加而逐渐增强,而进气道出口截面上低能流区域随着攻角的增加而逐渐减小。低能流区域内的二次旋涡呈现不同的变化趋势,位于上半截面的旋涡随着攻角的增加其逐渐向上移动,而位于下半截面的旋涡位置基本保持不变。     

物体穿越斜激波干扰特性的数值研究

当物体以超声速穿越同向运动的斜激波时，它的飞行Mach数和攻角都会发生较大的变化。穿越过程中斜激波与物体脱体激波发生相互作用，形成复杂的激波干扰波系结构，基本的干扰形式为复合Mach反射结构。不同的穿越位置时，由于不同的来流条件，使物体上尾部凹坑内的流场和波系发生很大的变化，随着物体的穿越过程，当头部和凹坑下游壁面与翼面穿越激波时，阻力系数有两次剧烈的变化，法向力基本呈线性下降，压力中心先大幅度后移，物体逐渐穿过激波后又快速前移。因此穿越过程使物体加速，给物体的姿态带来很大的扰动。翼面穿过激波也造成阻力、法向力下降，压心后移。如果对有控制的飞行器，穿越激波时气动力特性和稳定性的急剧变化，将给控制系统带来很大的困难。     

激波和边界层相互作用区域局部烧蚀的理论计算方法

激波和边界层相互作用区域的局部烧蚀计算是极为复杂的非定常湍流分离流动条件下的烧蚀分析问题，本文将这一复杂的物理化学和气体动力学过程简化为二维前向台阶分离区的准定常烧蚀问题来处理，将偏微分的控制方程组简化为超越代数方程组，提供了一个有一定精度的理论分析方法，理论计算结果与实验数据相当吻合。     

子午面内Alfvén波的传播特征

本文使用由ＷＫＢ近似得到的Ａｌｆｖｅｎ波传播的张量表达式,具体计算和讨论了一种太阳子午面内含盔形－电流片磁位形的流场中Ａｌｆｖｅｎ波的传播特征,主要结果是：（１）Ａｌｆｖｅｎ波磁场起伏随日心距离的增加而衰减,其中极开区的衰减远快于赤道区,但随着距离的增大,这种纬度关系将迅速变弱,以致在较远空间,磁起伏相差很小,衰减很慢;（２）Ａｌｆｖｅｎ波的相对磁场起伏ｂ／Ｂ随着距离的增加而迅速增大,在几个太阳半径之后变化不再明显,达到所谓的＂饱和＂;在大日心距离的盔形电流片附近,Ａｌｆｖｅｎ波将成为重要的磁场组成部分;（３）Ａｌｆｖｅｎ波速度起伏纬度关系较为明显,相对速度起伏。ｕ／Ｕ随着距离增大而衰减,电流片区衰减得较快,但这种纬度差别将变弱．与黄道面内Ａｌｆｖｅｎ波传播特征的具体比较表明,磁场涨落的变化特征与背景场位形存在着十分密切的关系,但速度涨落与背景场没有这种明显关系．     

计算尖锥迎面干扰的一种新方法

本文从运动气流的二维激波动力学方程组出发,提出了一种计算平面运动激波和尖锥头激波迎面干扰问题的新方法。该方法可以计算穿透激波的强度和形状,马赫反射时三波点的轨迹,马赫杆的强度和几何形状,以及锥面峰值压力的大小。计算结果与数值模拟、其它计算方法以及实验数据进行了比较,结果表明本方法不仅精度较高,而且保持了简捷,省机时的优点。     

Cylindrical and spherical dust-electron-acoustic shock waves due to dust charge fluctuation

Cylindrical and spherical dust-electron-acoustic (DEA) shock waves propagating in a dusty plasma (containing cold inertial electrons, hot Maxwellian electrons, stationary and streaming ions, and charge fluctuating stationary dust) are theoretically investigated by reductive perturbation method. It is shown that the effect of the dust charge fluctuation introduces some new features in the nonlinear propagation of the DEA waves, particularly the dust charge fluctuation provides a source of dissipation, and is responsible for the formation of the DEA shock structures. It is also found that the basic features of the DEA nonlinear structures are significantly modified by the non-planar (viz. cylindrical and spherical) geometry, and that the height of the cylindrical DEA shock structures are larger than that of the planar DEA shock structures, but smaller than that of the spherical ones. The implications of these results in laboratory dusty plasmas are briefly discussed.