激波-边界层-分离流相互干扰三维湍流的数值模拟

本文采用数值方法求解时间相关三维可压缩雷诺平均Ｎａｖｉｅｒ－Ｓｔｏｋｅｓ方程组,模拟激波—边界层—分离流相互干扰三维湍流流动。湍流模型为Ｂａｄｗｉｎ－Ｌｏｍａｘ两层代数模型,改进后用于三维内流问题。采用单元中心有限体积法离散流场控制方程,ＶａｎＬｅｅｒ矢通量格式计算无粘通量,中心差分法计算粘性通量,ＬＵＳＧＳ时间推进格式计算定常流场。本文以二元跨音速扩压器内三流动为算例,数值模拟较强激波—边界层—分离流相互干扰维湍流流动,并与实验结果进行了比较。数值模拟结果,在激波强度、分离点位置和再附点位置等方面,与实验结果吻合较好。     

A self-similar solution of a curved shock wave and its time-dependent force variation for a starting flat plate airfoil in supersonic flow

The problem of aeroelasticity and maneuvering of command surface and gust wing interaction involves a starting flow period which can be seen as the flow of an airfoil attaining suddenly an angle of attack. In the linear or nonlinear case, compressive Mach or shock waves are generated on the windward side and expansive Mach or rarefaction waves are generated on the leeward side. On each side, these waves are composed of an oblique steady state wave, a vertically-moving one-dimensional unsteady wave, and a secondary wave resulting from the interaction between the steady and unsteady ones. An analytical solution in the secondary wave has been obtained by Heaslet and Lomax in the linear case, and this linear solution has been borrowed to give an approximate solution by Bai and Wu for the nonlinear case. The structure of the secondary shock wave and the appearance of various force stages are two issues not yet considered in previous studies and has been studied in the present paper. A self-similar solution is obtained for the secondary shock wave, and the reason to have an initial force plateau as observed numerically is identified. Moreover, six theoretical characteristic time scales for pressure load variation are determined which explain the slope changes of the time-dependent force curve.     

航天器火工冲击技术研究进展

系统总结了国内外航天器火工冲击环境预示、地面试验和减冲击技术三个方面的研究进展,并分析了国内在以上三个方面与国外航天强国的差距。在此基础上,从我国航天工程实际需求出发,分析指出了今后航天器火工冲击领域应重点开展的研究方向。     

Numerical investigation of the impact of asymmetric fuel injection on shock train characteristics

Numerical simulations are carried out to investigate the impact of asymmetric fuel injection on shock train characteristics using the commercial-code FLUENT. The asymmetry of fuel injection is examined by changing the fuel flow rates of the upper and lower wall fuel injectors. The numerical approach solves the two-dimensional Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equations, supplemented with a k-ω model of turbulence. As a result, different ways of fuel injections will always lead to shock train transitions, with the variations of shock train structure, strength and leading edge position. For symmetric fuel injection, the flowfield of the isolator is quite asymmetric with the boundary layer of the upper wall side developing much stronger than that of the lower wall, which is due to the heterogeneity of the incoming flow. Regarding to asymmetric fuel injection with more of lower wall side, though the pressures in the combustor are nearly the same, the first shock of the shock train converts between ‘Distinct symmetric X type shock’ and ‘Obscure and weaker asymmetric shock’ and the shock train leading edge moves upstream with the increase of the asymmetry level. With regard to asymmetric fuel injection with more of upper wall side, ‘incomplete asymmetric X type shock’ occurs and the shock train structures keep nearly the same with low level of fuel injection asymmetry. Unexpected results like unstart will happen when increasing the level of fuel injection asymmetry. And the isolator will come back to normal state by decreasing the differential of upper and lower wall sides fuel injections.     

二元高超声速进气道激波振荡特性实验

通过在进气道/隔离段模型出口附近设置固定的堵塞楔块提高反压,并采用高速纹影拍摄同步壁面压强测量的手段,在马赫数5.9的激波风洞中研究了二元高超声速进气道在不同堵塞度下的流动特征。研究结果表明,在较低的堵塞度下,进气道仍然能够保持起动状态,而在较高的堵塞度下,进气道出现激波振荡。上游产生的压缩波/激波在节流段的反射是出现激波振荡的重要原因之一。随着堵塞度的增加,激波振荡的频率有所升高。     

吸气式高超声速推进助推段内流振荡及其抑制

为了掌握高超声速飞行器盲腔流场的激波振荡机理,采用"双时间步"方法对轴对称吸气式高超声速飞行器内流道盲腔流场进行了非定常数值模拟。结果表明,飞行器内流道出现了非定常激波振荡现象,内流道壁面压力出现了低频高幅的周期性变化。为了消除高超声速飞行器内流道的激波振荡现象,设计了级间段泄流方案,对飞行器进行了内外流一体化定常和非定常的数值模拟。结果表明,级间段泄流方案可以有效地消除内流道的激波振荡现象。     

旋转爆轰的三维数值模拟

旋转爆轰利用爆轰波在燃烧室的供气端传播,而爆轰产物从另一端排出。为了揭示其宏观特性,采用带化学反应的三维Euler方程,在贴体坐标系中,利用带限制函数的波传播算法,对圆环形燃烧室内的旋转爆轰进行了数值研究,讨论了爆轰传播过程中的波系结构。数值结果表明,即使仅在燃烧室内壁面的部分区域充入可燃气,爆轰波也能够以旋转方式在该区域稳定传播。     

涡升力乘波体发展研究综述

乘波飞行器在高超声速具有良好的气动性能,但偏离设计状态,气动性能则难以保持。为在宽速域范围能一直维持较好的气动性能,研究人员利用定平面形状乘波设计的优势,提出“涡升力”乘波设计。本文将涡升力乘波体的设计方法归纳为基于吻切理论的定前缘型线法、基于激波装配法的波导体法和基于给定激波面的投影法三大类,综述了涡升力乘波体在宽速域气动特性的相关研究进展,并对涡升力乘波体的后续研究提出建议。     

内并联式TBCC进气道模态转换过程流动特性分析

针对组合动力(TBCC)进气道模态转换过程中出现的非定常气动现象,采用稳态/非稳态数值模拟方法对相关流动特性及其影响因素与流动机理开展了研究。结果表明：由涡轮发动机工作状态向冲压发动机工作模态转换过程中,进气道内出现结尾激波沿流向前后振荡现象,振荡频率约为130Hz;当冲压流道反压引起的激波未前传至模态转换分流板前时,冲压发动机工作状态对结尾激波振荡不产生影响。在相同的发动机工作状态下,随着模态转换速度的增加,结尾激波振荡频率逐渐增大。文中研究的进气道内结尾激波振荡现象可通过亚声速管道内波的传播理论进行解释和分析。     

Height of shock formation in the solar corona inferred from observations of type II radio bursts and coronal mass ejections

Employing coronagraphic and EUV observations close to the solar surface made by the Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory (STEREO) mission, we determined the heliocentric distance of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) at the starting time of associated metric type II bursts. We used the wave diameter and leading edge methods and measured the CME heights for a set of 32 metric type II bursts from solar cycle 24. We minimized the projection effects by making the measurements from a view that is roughly orthogonal to the direction of the ejection. We also chose image frames close to the onset times of the type II bursts, so no extrapolation was necessary. We found that the CMEs were located in the heliocentric distance range from 1.20 to 1.93 solar radii (Rs), with mean and median values of 1.43 and 1.38 Rs, respectively. We conclusively find that the shock formation can occur at heights substantially below 1.5 Rs. In a few cases, the CME height at type II onset was close to 2 Rs. In these cases, the starting frequency of the type II bursts was very low, in the range 25–40 MHz, which confirms that the shock can also form at larger heights. The starting frequencies of metric type II bursts have a weak correlation with the measured CME/shock heights and are consistent with the rapid decline of density with height in the inner corona.