一种客机空中救生体系

当今民航还无有效的客机空中救生,空难死亡率居高不下,乘客的安全保障无法满足民航发展的需要。通过对诸多空难的研究,发现了“救生飞行时段”,由此引出一项自动化救生系统新技术,并以自动化救生系统、客机、机内人员构成一个客机空中救生体系。该体系的作用在于客机遇险时,机内人员能快速地脱离客机安全着陆（水）,有效地降低或免除人员伤亡,并改变客机空难救生的现状,同时指出一个客机空中救生的新方向。     

空气动力学和动力学模型对预测旋翼功率的影响

本文介绍了几个不同的空气动力学和动力学模型计算旋翼需用功率的方法,并以SA349/2小羚羊直升机旋翼为算例,进行了不同模型计算结果与飞行试验结果的比较。结果表明,气动模型对预测的旋翼需用功率影响不大,三种组合模型预测的旋翼需用功率与试验结果都吻合得很好,刚性桨叶模型的误差在10％以内,而弹性桨叶模型的误差则可降到5％以下。     

直升机安全性分析与设计

本文在研究直升机安全性问题的基础上,较为系统地提出了直升机安全性要求,安全性分析方法和技术,并以实例予以说明。     

一种直升机尾传动轴抗弹击损伤容限分析方法

为保障直升机被弹击后仍具备充足时间供直升机安全降落,亟需对弹击后传动轴进行损伤容限设计,确保其被击中后仍拥有足够的剩余疲劳寿命.本文提出了一种直升机尾传动轴抗弹击损伤容限分析方法,可有效预测弹击损伤后的疲劳裂纹扩展寿命.采用该方法对尾传动轴进行弹击动力学仿真分析;其次,发展一种非标准断裂韧度测试方法以获取尾传动轴的断裂...     

基于VC＋＋的液氧/煤油动力系统自动紧急关机软件设计与应用

自动紧急关机系统是火箭动力系统试验的关键环节,是推进系统和试验台的有力安全保障。针对液氧/煤油动力系统热试车威力大、响应快的系统特性,研发了基于VXI的数据采集系统及紧急关机系统,依据功能需求设计开发了基于VC＋＋的关机判读软件。首先设计了关机判读软件系统的采集、报警、实时存储、图像显示等基本功能模块,其次阐述了基于VC＋＋的关机判读软件的具体实施方案,包括软件应用环境和核心程序流程,展示了关机判读软件的应用主界面;详细分析了影响自动关机响应时间的主要因素;通过一百多组模拟数据进行了软件功能性、故障检测能力等多方面的测试,实时性和准确度均达到了系统设计要求。某次液氧/煤油动力系统热试车对本系统的应用进一步验证了其性能的优异性。     

A fully automated framework for helicopter rotor blades design and analysis including aerodynamics,structure, and manufacturing

This study describes an integrated framework in which basic aerospace engineering aspects (performance, aerodynamics, and structure) and practical aspects (configuration visualiza-tion and manufacturing) are coupled and considered in one fully automated design optimization of rotor blades. A number of codes are developed to robustly perform estimation of helicopter config-uration from sizing, performance analysis, trim analysis, to rotor blades configuration representa-tion. These codes are then integrated with a two-dimensional airfoil analysis tool to fully design rotor blades configuration including rotor planform and airfoil shape for optimal aerodynamics in both hover and forward flights. A modular structure design methodology is developed for real-istic composite rotor blades with a sophisticated cross-sectional geometry. A D-spar cross-sectional structure is chosen as a baseline. The framework is able to analyze all realistic inner configurations including thicknesses of D-spar, skin, web, number and ply angles of layers of each composite part, and materials. A number of codes and commercial software (ANSYS, Gridgen, VABS, PreVABS, etc.) are implemented to automate the structural analysis from aerodynamic data processing to sec-tional properties and stress analysis. An integrated model for manufacturing cost estimation of composite rotor blades developed at the Aerodynamic Analysis and Design Laboratory (AADL), Aerospace Information Engineering Department, Konkuk University is integrated into the framework to provide a rapid and dynamic feedback to configuration design. The integration of three modules has constructed a framework where the size of a helicopter, aerodynamic performance analysis, structure analysis, and manufacturing cost estimation could be quickly investigated. All aspects of a rotor blade including planform, airfoil shape, and inner structure are considered in a multidisciplinary design optimization without an exception of critical configuration.     

Panel/full-span free-wake coupled method for unsteady aerodynamics of helicopter rotor blade

A full-span free-wake method is coupled with an unsteady panel method to accurately predict the unsteady aerodynamics of helicopter rotor blades in hover and forward flight. The unsteady potential-based panel method is used to consider aerodynamics of finite thickness multi-bladed rotors, and the full-span free-wake method is applied to simulating dynamics of rotor wake. These methods are tightly coupled through trailing-edge Kutta condition and by converting doublet-wake panels to full-span vortex filaments. A velocity-field integration technique is also adopted to overcome singularity problem during the interaction between the rotor wake and blades. Helicopter rotors including Caradonna-Tung, UH-60A, and AH-1G rotors, are simulated in hover and forward flight to validate the accuracy of this approach. The predicted aerodynamic loads of rotor blades agree well with available measured data and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) results, and the unsteady dynamics of rotor wake is also well simulated. Compared to CFD, the present method obtains accurate results more efficiently and is suitable to rotorcraft aeroelastic analysis.     

全球卫星搜索与救援系统的现状与未来

全球卫星搜救系统(COSPAS-SARSAT)在海事搜救和飞机救援等领域已经发挥了巨大的作用。文章旨在对已有的低轨道(LEO)和静止轨道(GEO)系统的工作原理进行分析,并与建设中的中轨道(MEO)系统比较,以得出中轨道系统的优势,并对全球卫星搜救系统的未来发展进行分析。     

民用飞机固定式应急定位发射系统设计

如何在民用飞机遇险迫降或失事后尽快定位搜救,提高机上遇险人员的生存率,是当前民用飞机设计过程中必须考虑的问题。作为民用飞机应急搜救系统,固定式应急定位发射系统(ELT)可以在飞机遇险时通过自动和人工方式触发,在固定的频率上发射搜救信号,以便搜救组织对遇险人员进行救援。首先提出了固定式ELT系统的设计方案及功能,分析了系统部件的构成,进而提出了固定式ELT系统的性能要求,最后重点阐述了固定式ELT系统的机上设计要求和功能验证过程。     

快速模型预测控制用于微型直升机航迹跟踪

为实现微型共轴无人直升机(MCUH)的航迹跟踪,考虑系统的状态和输入约束,利用非线性模型预测控制(NMPC)技术设计一种快速在线的控制器。首先,简化MCUH的非线性模型,利用系统的微分平坦特性生成满足直升机动力学的可行航迹,沿着该航迹对系统进行线性化,得到近似直升机非线性动力学的线性时变(LTV)模型。然后,将传统输出航迹跟踪NMPC问题转化为LTV-MPC优化问题,降低问题的复杂度,为确保航迹跟踪误差系统的指数渐近稳定,分别设计终端域和终端罚值。最后,通过数值仿真,验证快速在线NMPC策略的可行性。结果表明:设计的预测控制器误差控制精度高、求解速度快,可实现对有约束的时变航迹的跟踪。