金属增材制造技术应用于军用飞机维修保障浅析

金属增材制造技术的发展为军用飞机维修保障提供了一条数字化、定制化、高性能、短周期的技术新途径,可提升军用飞机维修保障的技术水平和能力。本文综述了军用飞机维修保障的国内外现状,指出了金属增材制造技术的应用优势,介绍了军用飞机零件的典型损伤形式、不同增材制造工艺的适用性及修复工艺选取方案,分析了所涉及的逆向建模、结构优化、智能机器人等关键技术,详述了目前存在的技术成熟度与可靠性不高、修复原则不明确、标准规范不统一等主要问题及解决措施,指出了增材制造技术在军用飞机维修保障领域未来的发展方向和趋势,并给出了具体的应用建议。     

磁层中重离子O＋通量密度分布的理论研究

应用求解得到的分布函数，研究了北半球子午面内极光带区起源的重离子Ｏ＋在磁层中的通量密度定态分布及其特性．结果表明：（１）重离子Ｏ＋通量密度分布沿ＧＳＭＺ轴方向呈峰状结构，其峰值随地心距离增大而减小，在近地空间减小较快；（２）磁扰动时，Ｏ＋离子占据的空间范围较磁宁静时大，通量峰较不突出；（３）理论估算的磁尾等离子体片边界层附近重离子Ｏ＋通量密度与观测结果相一致．     

A model of the effects of heavy ion radiation on human tissue

In heavy ion radiotherapy and space travel humans are exposed to energetic heavy ions (C, Si, Fe and others). This type of irradiation often produces more severe biological effects per unit dose than more common X-rays. A new Monte Carlo model generates a physical space with the complex geometry of human tissue or a cell culture based model of tissue, which is affected by the passage of ionizing radiation. For irradiation, the model relies on a physical code for the ion track structure; for tissues, cellular maps are derived from two- or three-dimensional confocal microscopy images using image segmentation algorithm, which defines cells as pixilated volumes. The model is used to study tissue-specific statistics of direct ion hits and the remote ion action on cells. As an application of the technique, we considered the spatial pattern of apoptotic cells after heavy ion irradiation. The pattern of apoptosis is modeled as a stochastic process, which is defined by the action cross section taken from available experimental data. To characterize the degree of apoptosis, an autocorrelation function that describes the spatial correlation of apoptotic cells is introduced. The values of the autocorrelation function demonstrate the effect of the directionality of the radiation track on the spatial arrangements of inactivated cells in tissue. This effect is intrinsic only to high linear-energy-transfer radiation.     

镁基水反应金属燃料的热分解性能

采用热重-差热分析联用(TG-DTA)、差示扫描量热(DSC)、加压热重(PTG)等热分析方法,研究了镁基水反应金属燃料热分解反应的基本特性及其变化规律。研究发现,燃料热分解过程中先后发生AP分解反应、HTPB分解反应,氩气中不发生Mg的氧化反应;添加催化剂、减小AP粒度、增大氧化剂与粘合剂比例、增大细Mg粉含量等,可以降低燃料中AP的分解温度T,减小表观活化能Ea,增大反应速率常数k;减小AP粒度、增大氧化剂与粘合剂比例可以降低燃料中HTPB的分解温度,减小表观活化能Ea,增大反应速率常数k;随着压强增大,AP与HTPB分解失重速率增大、AP失重百分数增大、燃料热分解凝聚相产物质量百分数减少,压强对AP分解影响较大,对HTPB分解影响较小。     

Induction of genomic instability after an acute whole-body exposure of mice to Fe ions

The purpose of this study was to evaluate dose–response relationships for the in vivo induction of micronuclei (MN) as a measure of both initial radiation damage and the induction of genomic instability. These measurements were made in mouse blood erythrocytes as a function of radiation dose, radiation quality, time after irradiation, and the genetic background of exposed individuals. Blood samples were collected from two strains of mouse (CBA/CaJ and C57BL/6J) at different times up to 3 months following a whole-body exposure to various doses of 1 GeV/amu ⁵⁶Fe ions (0, 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 Gy, at the dose rate of a 1 Gy/min) or ¹³⁷Cs gamma rays (0, 0.5, 1.0 and 3.0 Gy, at the dose rate of 0.72 Gy/min). Blood-smear slides were stained with acridine orange (AO). The frequencies of MN were measured in mature normochromatic-erythrocytes (MN-NCEs) and in immature polychromatic-erythrocytes (MN-PCEs). Effects of both types of radiation on erythropoiesis were also evaluated. As a measure of cell progression delay, a dose-dependent decrease in numbers of PCEs was observed at day 2 post-exposure in both strains, regardless of radiation quality. Subsequently, the levels of PCEs increased in all exposed mice, reaching control levels (or higher) by day 7 post-exposure. Further, at day 2 after the exposure, there was no increase in the frequency of MN-PCEs in CBA/CaJ mice exposed to ⁵⁶Fe ions while the frequency of MN-PCEs elevated as a function of dose in the C57BL/6J mice. At day 4, there was no dose related increase in MN-NCEs in either strain of mouse exposed to ¹³⁷Cs gamma rays. Additionally, at the early sacrifice times (days 2 and 4), ⁵⁶Fe ions were slightly more effective (per unit dose) in inducing MN-NCEs than ¹³⁷Cs gamma rays in CBA/CaJ mice. However, there was no increase in the frequency of MN-NCEs at late times after an acute exposure to either type of radiation. In contrast, both types of radiation induced increased MN-PCEs frequencies in irradiated CBA/CaJ mice, but not C57BL/6J mice, at late times post-exposure. This finding indicates the potential induction of genomic instability in hematopoietic cells of CBA/CaJ mice by both types of radiation. The finding also demonstrates the influence of genetic background on radiation-induced genomic instability in vivo.     

"小龙虾""吐"重金属真实性的研究

通过对克氏原螯虾Pro-cambarusC lark ii的饲养条件的控制,用原子吸收分光光度计进行光谱分析,对在连续饲养的0、7、14、21、28、35、42、49、56天克氏原螯虾体内的鳃、肝胰脏、腹部肌肉、螯足肌肉和环境水样进行重金属元素Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb和C r定量的分析。实验结果显示,在被测的克氏原螯虾的四个部位,Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb和C r的检出率为100%;克氏原螯虾体内重金属含量随饲养天数的增加而变化不大,即“小龙虾在饲养过程中”‘吐’重金属的说法是错误的。     

Investigation on surface roughness,residual stress and fatigue property of milling in-situ TiB2/7050Al metal matrix composites

For higher efficiency and precision manufacturing, more and more attentions are focused on the surface roughness and residual stress of machined parts to obtain a good fatigue life. At present, the in-situ TiB₂/7050Al metal matrix composites are widely researched due to its attractive properties such as low density, good wear resistance and improved strength. It is of great significance to investigate the machined surface roughness, residual stress and fatigue life for higher efficiency and precision manufacturing of this new kind material. In this study, the surface roughness including two-dimensional and three-dimensional roughness, residual stress and fatigue life of milling in-situ TiB₂/7050Al metal matrix composites were analyzed. It was found from comparative investigation that the three-dimensional surface roughness would be more appropriate to represent the machined surface profile of milling particle reinforced metal matrix composites. The cutting temperature played a great role on the residual stress. However, the effect of increasing cutting force could slow down the transformation from compressive stress to tensile stress under 270 °C. An exponential relationship between three-dimensional roughness and fatigue life was established and the main fracture mechanism was brittle fracture with observation of obvious shellfish veins, river pattern veins and wave shaped veins in fracture surface.     

SiC/Al复合丝的耐蚀性和高温稳定性研究

本研究结果表明,SiC/L_6和SiC/LF_6复合丝在真空中加热至600℃和在空气中400℃暴露144小时,以及在蒸馏水和5%NaCl水溶液中浸泡15天后,其强度保留率大于87%,证明SiC/Al复合丝具有良好的耐蚀性和高温稳定性,用气相层析仪和发射光谱分析了腐蚀气体、溶液和白色沉淀,初步确定其反应机理是电化学腐蚀。与C/Al复合丝相比,SiC/Al腐蚀速度缓慢,纤维—基体界面损伤极小。     

高温度梯度定向凝固装置的研究

本文介绍了自行设计的具有高温度梯度的定向凝固装置,最高温度梯度可达230℃/cm。该装置温度场的理论分析和实验表明,在炉底部增加一个内径很小的加热圈;在冷却器中采用具有高激冷能力的低熔点Ga-In-Sn液态金属为冷却液;都能显著提高温度梯度和增加稳态凝固区的长度。     

铝合金薄板K_c测试新方法的探讨

通过用圆(或椭圆)孔试件测量金属薄板平面应力断裂韧性Kc的方法,与通过用中心穿透裂纹试件Kc的标准方法相比较之后,将Whitney和Nuismer用于复合层压板中的点应力破坏准则,推广到铝合金薄板Kc的测量。 在理论和实验分析的基础上,拟合出与实验结果相一致的经验公式。