基于稀疏最小二乘支持向量机的航空发动机动态过程辨识

针对现有最小二乘支持向量机(LS-SVM)稀疏性不足的难题,提出一种稀疏化策略,应用此方法建立了航空发动机动态过程模型.在对原始样本预求解过程中,该策略使用改进Gram-Schmidt正交化算法对非线性映射矩阵实施递归分解,同时以阈值监督输出向量的残差化过程,从而优选训练样本,降低样本规模,节省内存,提高LS-SVM学习速度.仿真表明,基于优选样本的学习模型较之其他训练样本学习模型提高了回归精度和速度,验证了方法的可行性;基于实际试验数据建立的航空发动机动态过程模型在类似过程参数预测以及性能递推预估仿真表明,高压转子相对转速误差低于0.2%,低压转子相对转速误差低于0.35%,涡轮后燃气温度误差小于3.5℃,满足控制与仿真的需要.      

美国空间对抗新思维与装备技术发展新动向

美国2011年出台《国家安全空间战略》,针对空间对抗问题,首次提出多层空间威慑措施,首次从战略层面指明美国未来空间对抗装备和技术的发展方向,体现出美国空间对抗的新思维。对照美国空间对抗的新思维和空间对抗装备技术发展的新动向,可以看出,这种新思维已在落实中。新形势下,其他国家争取有限制天权面临风险增加、难度增大等新挑战。     

大型磁悬浮CMG转子的组合优化策略

为提高空间站用大型磁悬浮CMG（Control Moment Gyroscope）系统的设计效率,并获得最优设计参数,针对高转速（12000r/min）大角动量（1000N·m·s）磁悬浮转子进行优化设计与分析。提出了一种基于遗传算法(Genetic Algorithm, GA)和序列二次规划算法(Sequential Quadratic Programming, NLPQL)的组合优化策略来优化转子组件。采用ANSYS进行参数化建模,通过ISIGHT软件集成ANSYS实现优化过程。取转子质量和最大等效应力分别最小为优化目标,选择转子轮盘结构尺寸为设计变量,并根据转子运行工况对转子提出包括尺寸、强度、效能等方面约束限制。与GA、NLPQL算法相比组合优化策略的优化结果要优于单纯使用一种全局优化算法或局部优化算法。组合优化策略结果表明转子质量减少了3.92%;安全系数提高了2.69%。实验结果证明了组合优化策略的设计结果。     

基于自适应随机抽样敏度分析的双向渐进结构优化方法

为了解决周期循环结构拓扑优化难题,在传统的双向渐进结构优化方法(BESO)的基础上,引入了一种自适应参数策略和随机抽样的方法,提出了基于自适应随机抽样敏度分析的双向渐进结构优化方法,该方法同样适用于非周期结构.以该方法为基础,对Michell桁架结构进行了拓扑优化设计,得到了与理论解一致的结构,并且相对初始结构质量减少了71.5%,说明了所提方法的正确性.基于此方法对多辐板风扇盘进行了结构拓扑优化设计,得到了三辐板风扇盘结构,相比同等设计条件下的参考风扇盘质量减少了17.12%,进一步说明了此方法具有处理复杂周期循环结构拓扑优化设计问题的能力,另外此方法克服了传统双向渐进结构优化方法中容易产生的振荡问题.      

小天体自主附着技术研究进展

基于国际上已实施的小天体探测任务和未来小天体附着探测技术的发展趋势,阐述了小天体自主附着的必要性及关键技术。首先回顾了已成功实施的小天体探测任务的特点,进而总结了小天体自主附着的难点问题,概括分析了小天体自主附着所涉及的关键技术及其研究进展,最后对未来小天体自主附着技术的研究热点和发展趋势进行了展望。     

空间绳系组合体的继电型控制离轨策略

为了使空间绳系组合体更好地完成空间碎片清理任务,提出一种更接近工程实际应用的继电型推力（Bang-Bang）离轨控制策略。利用带有差动间隙的Bang-Bang控制策略,实现绳系组合体切向的继电式推力加速;设计了一种全新的被动式卷扬机构,以避免在使用继电式推力离轨的过程中多次开关发动机对绳系组合体带来的负面影响;针对径向推力设计了输入受限的滑模控制器,且最终控制指令同样以继电式推力形式实现,抑制了离轨过程中绳系组合体的面内摆动。数值仿真结果显示,继电型推力能够实现与连续推力近似的效果,能够将绳系组合体的摆动角度抑制在一个较小的范围内;整个离轨控制策略能够使得空间绳系组合体在保持姿态稳定的前提下将空间碎片拖曳到坟墓轨道。     

Electrochemical machining on blisk channels with a variable feed rate mode

Electrochemical machining (ECM) is an economical and effective method for blisk manufacturing and includes two steps: channel machining and profile machining. The allowance distribution after the channel machining will directly affect the profile machining. Therefore, to improve the uniformity of allowance distribution in the machining of channels, a method that incorporates a variable feed rate mode is developed. During the machining process, the feed rates are dynamically changed according to the needs of the side gap at the different feed depths. As a result, the side gaps at the different feed depths vary, contributing to a decrease in the allowance difference. In this study, the dissolution processes of a blisk channel are simulated using different feed rates, and prediction profiles are obtained. Based on the prediction profiles, the relationship among the feed rate, feed depth, and side gap is established. Then, the feed rates at different feed depths are adjusted according to the relationship. In addition, contrast experiments are conducted. Compared with blisk channel ECM using a constant feed rate of 1 mm/min, using the variable feed rate decreases the allowance differences in the convex and concave parts by 62.2 % and 67.4 %, respectively. This indicates that using the variable feed rate in the ECM process for a blisk channel is feasible and efficient.     

Optimal diving maneuver strategy considering guidance accuracy for hypersonic vehicle

An optimal maneuver strategy considering terminal guidance accuracy for hypersonic vehicle in dive phase is investigated in this paper. First, it derives the complete three-dimensional nonlinear coupled motion equation without any approximations based on diving relative motion relationship directly, and converts it into linear decoupled state space equation with the same relative degree by feedback linearization. Second, the diving guidance law is designed based on the decoupled equation to meet the terminal impact point and falling angle constraints. In order to further improve the interception capability, it constructs maneuver control model through adding maneuver control item to the guidance law. Then, an integrated performance index consisting of maximum line-of-sight angle rate and minimum energy consumption is designed, and optimal control is employed to obtain optimal maneuver strategy when the encounter time is determined and undetermined, respectively. Furthermore, the performance index and suboptimal strategy are reconstructed to deal with the control capability constraint and the serous influence on terminal guidance accuracy caused by maneuvering flight. Finally, the approach is tested using the Common Aero Vehicle-H model. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed strategy can achieve high precision guidance and effective maneuver at the same time, and the indices are also optimized.     

导航星座星间链路信号捕获搜索策略研究

针对导航星座星间链路信号动态范围大、捕获性能要求高之间的矛盾,利用星历信息辅助信号捕获。在此基础上,分析了信号捕获串行搜索、码并行搜索和频率并行搜索的计算代价,给出了不同信号体制和星历误差下各搜索策略对应的运算量表达式,并结合典型的应用场景进行了算例分析。分析结果表明星间信号捕获在星历误差较小时采用串行搜索策略具有最少的计算量,在星历误差较大时采用码并行搜索策略计算量最少。     

月球轨道交会任务的远程导引变轨策略研究

对国内外月球轨道交会远程导引段变轨策略的2~5脉冲变轨方案进行了比较分析,在考虑月球轨道交会飞行任务测控资源有限和航天器所带燃料受限等特点的基础上,确定了我国月球轨道交会远程导引段的变轨策略为4脉冲方案;并介绍了在4脉冲基线轨道方案的基础上,进行标称轨道设计和月面上升窗口初步分析的结果。研究结果可为我国月球轨道交会对接任务提供参考。