平流层,中间层,低热层大气加热过程特性研究

本文计算了平流层、中间层和低热层大气中各种光化过程的加热率与大气的冷却率,并且给出了20—140km的大气净加热率的昼夜变化特征．为大气潮汐波的研究提供了基础．     

先进聚合物基复合材料的老化研究——Ⅰ.热氧老化

研究了 T3 0 0 /540 5和 T3 0 0 /HD0 3这 2种先进复合材料在热氧老化中的失重率、力学行为和玻璃化转变温度随老化温度与老化时间的变化。发现它们的热氧化机理包括脱湿、残余低分子组分的挥发、后固化、热分解和物理老化等,各机理的比重取决于老化温度     

基于子结构消元法的柔性结构主动控制的研究

由结构动力系统的微分方程出发,建立了主动控制的数学模型,在计算结构力学与最优控制模拟关系的基础上,采用结构力学中的子结构消元法和混合能概念建立了一套时段消元公式,进而对Riccati代数方程进行了有效的求解,从而给出了一套柔性结构主动控制的研究方法。     

Alfvén wave heating

This review discusses Alfvén wave heating in non-uniform plasmas as a possible means for explaining the heating of the solar corona. It focusses on recent analytical results that enable us to understand the basic physics of Alfvén wave heating and help us with the interpretation of results of numerical simulations. First we consider the singular wave solutions that are found in linear ideal MHD at the resonant magnetic surface where the frequency of the wave equals the local Alfvén frequency. Next, we use linear resistive MHD for describing the waves in the dissipative region and explain how dissipation modifies the singular solutions found in linear ideal MHD.     

Topology optimization of compliant adaptive wing leading edge with composite materials

An approach for designing the compliant adaptive wing leading edge with composite material is proposed based on the topology optimization. Firstly, an equivalent constitutive relationship of laminated glass fiber reinforced epoxy composite plates has been built based on the symmetric laminated plate theory. Then, an optimization objective function of compliant adaptive wing leading edge was used to minimize the least square error（LSE） between deformed curve and desired aerodynamics shape. After that, the topology structures of wing leading edge of different glass fiber ply-orientations were obtained by using the solid isotropic material with penalization（SIMP） model and sensitivity filtering technique. The desired aerodynamics shape of compliant adaptive wing leading edge was obtained based on the proposed approach. The topology structures of wing leading edge depend on the glass fiber ply-orientation. Finally, the corresponding morphing experiment of compliant wing leading edge with composite materials was implemented, which verified the morphing capability of topology structure and illustrated the feasibility for designing compliant wing leading edge. The present paper lays the basis of ply-orientation optimization for compliant adaptive wing leading edge in unmanned aerial vehicle（UAV） field.     

管路加热带安装工艺试验研究

针对推进剂管路加热带缠绕工艺流程复杂、工艺参数不定量的问题开展试验研究,结合工程实践经验,采用试验矩阵方法研究获取绝缘膜包覆状态、涂胶厚度以及气泡对加热效果的影响。结果表明,内绝缘膜无交叠缠绕、外绝缘膜间隙缠绕、利用专用刮胶板控制涂胶厚度约0.2 mm等工艺方法可以减少气泡的产生,有效提升加热带对管路的加热效果,满足产品质量要求,该试验结论可为后续管路加热带缠绕及其他加热片安装提供参考。     

等离子涂层热疲劳失效模式及失效机理研究

开展了等离子涂层构件热疲劳实验研究,对失效过程及失效模式进行考察,分析了对失效起主导作用的应力分量.针对陶瓷层材料引入粘塑性本构模型,对涂层的热疲劳进行数值模拟研究.分析表明,氧化层厚度为2 μm时,陶瓷层波峰位置容易萌生Ⅰ型横向裂纹,界面中部偏上位置容易萌生Ⅱ型横向裂纹;氧化层厚度为8 μm时,陶瓷层内部法向应力主导横向裂纹的扩展;不同厚度的氧化层内部将形成较高的应变能密度.给出了等离子涂层内部裂纹形成过程及机理.      

Reevaluation of thermosphere heating by auroral electrons

This paper presents a new calculation of neutral gas heating by precipitating auroral electrons. It is found that the heating rate of the neutral gas is significantly lower than previous determinations below 200 km altitude. The neutral gas heating arises from the many exothermic chemical reactions that take place from the ions and excited species created by the energetic electrons. The calculations show that less than half the energy initially deposited ends up heating the neutral gases. The rest is radiated or lost in the dissociation of O₂ because the O atoms do not recombine in the thermosphere. This paper also presents a new way of calculating the heating rate per ionization that can be used for efficient determination of the overall neutral gas heating for global thermosphere models. The heating rates are relatively insensitive to the neutral atmosphere when plotted against pressure rather than altitude coordinates. At high altitudes, the heating rates are sensitive to the thermal electron density and long-lived species. The calculations were performed with the Field Line Interhemispheric Plasma (FLIP) model using a 2-stream auroral electron precipitation model. The heating rate calculations in this paper differ from previous heating rate calculations in the treatment of backscattered electrons to produce better agreement with observed flux spectra. This paper shows that more realistic model auroral electron spectra can be obtained by reflecting the up going flux back to the ionosphere at the upper boundary of the model. In this case, the neutral gas heating rates are 20%–25% higher than when the backscattered flux escapes from the ionosphere.     

Spectral analysis of time-integrated Konus–Wind GRBs: Implication on radiative mechanisms

We have analysed a sample of 328 time-integrated GRB prompt emission spectra taken via the Konus instrument on board the US GGS-Wind spacecraft between 2002 and 2004 using a couple of two-components models, Cut-off Power Law (CPL) + Power Law (PL) and blackbody (BB) + PL. The spectra show clear deviation from the Band function. The PL term is interpreted as the low energy tail of a nonthermal emission mechanism. The distributions of corresponding index β give values β < −2/3 consistent with synchrotron and synchrotron self-Compton mechanisms. The distribution of low energy index α associated with the CPL term shows clear discordance with synchrotron models for 31.4% of the analysed GRBs with values exceeding that for the line of death, α = −2/3. Then, a set of nonthermal radiation mechanisms producing harder slopes, i.e., α > −2/3, are presented and discussed. For the remaining majority (68.6%) of GRBs with CPL index α < −2/3, we show that optically thin synchrotron produced by a power law electron distribution of type, N(γ) ∼ γ^−p, γ₁ < γ < γ₂, for finite energy range (γ₂ ≠ ∞) is a likely emission mechanism with α ∼−(p + 1)/2 in the frequency range ν₁ ? ν ? ν₂ (where ν₂ = η²ν₁ with η = γ₂/γ₁), such that for p > 1/3, one gets α < −2/3. We also show that corresponding spectra in terms of F_ν and νF_ν functions are peaked around frequency ν₂ instead of ν₁, respectively for p < 1 and p < 3. Besides, thermal emission is examined taking a single Planck function for fitting the low energy range. It can be interpreted as an early emission from the GRB fireball photosphere with observed mean temperature, kT′ ∼ 16.8 keV. Furthermore, we have performed a statistical comparison between the CPL + PL and BB + PL models finding comparable χ²-values for an important fraction of GRBs, which makes it difficult to distinguish which model and specific radiation mechanism (possible thermal or nonthermal γ-ray emissions) are best suitable for describing the reported data. Therefore, additional information for those bursts, such as γ-ray polarization, would be highly desirable in future determinations of GRBs observational data.     

Object injection in geodesic conditions: In-flight and on-ground testing issues

In absence of forces, any object moves along the straightest possible path in space–time, called geodesic. The presence of a gravity field generates a space–time distortion that reflects on a curvature of the geodesics. Outer space yields a privileged environment to achieve high levels of geodesic purity, thanks to the absence of many non-gravitational force disturbances typical of the Earth, mainly due to the atmosphere, micro-seismic activity, stray electro-magnetic fields, etc. Many experiments in the field of Fundamental Physics, General Relativity and Earth Observation are performed through space missions, in which objects are either set in geodesic conditions or their deviation from a geodesic is measured. In both cases, stray non-gravitational forces acting on them must be reduced to a negligible level.