高层建筑热水采暖系统运行改造

在高层建筑热水采暖系统中,论述了简单的将直接连接改造成间接连接,会造成室内采暖系统供、回水温度下降;散热器的传热系数κ值下降;散热器的散热量减少约20%;采暖温度下降约25.6%,达不到采暖的设计温度。在此基础上,提出高层建筑热水采暖室内系统同步改造的理念。     

飞机座舱盖串级PID加温控制系统设计

座舱盖加温加载试验台是验证飞机飞行时的气动加温和气动加载是否会引发座舱盖疲劳破坏的最有 效途径之一,但在设计与搭建试验台的过程中,不可避免地会遇到座舱盖表面温度场滞后和超调等问题。在交 流换热给座舱盖加温的背景下,对加温系统进行建模,分别给出串级 PID 调节器和加温控制系统的设计方案, 并对控制效果进行分析。结果表明:本文设计的加温控制系统有效地解决了加温过程中温度场滞后及超调的 问题,且灵敏度较高。     

Chemical heating rates derived from SCIAMACHY vibrationally excited OH limb emission spectra

The SCIAMACHY instrument on board Envisat is able to measure nearly all vibrational transitions of mesospheric hydroxyl – from the ultraviolet to the near infrared spectral region.

In this paper, we analyze SCIAMACHY limb emission data in the 1000–1750 nm spectral region by means of a new vibrational non-LTE model of OH. Several hydroxyl hotbands are identified. Vibrational non-LTE model calculations applying different collisional relaxation models are able to reproduce the measured spectra. Best agreement between model calculations and measured spectra is obtained, if a combination of multiquantum and step ladder single-quantum relaxation model is applied. Emissions from the OH(v = 9) vibrational state are used to derive chemical heating rates from the SCIAMACHY spectra. Instantaneous heating rates are in the order of 10 K/day.     

带弹性元件扑翼机构的动力学分析及实验

为研究扑翼飞行器传动机构的能量特性,以特拉华大学机械系统实验室所研制样机为原型进行了建模。引入气动项和拉力弹簧建立了完整的动力学模型。分析发现,气动项的力矩峰值为惯性项的4.8倍,对电机的转矩峰值的影响起主要作用。运用正交法进行仿真发现,引入拉力弹簧可以使电机转矩峰值最大降低77.5%,与理论分析相符合。进一步的物理实验验证了理论分析和仿真结果的正确性,并得到了当弹簧的连接点位置为185mm、原长为200mm及刚度为0.1N/mm时实验结果取得最优值,可为扑翼机传动机构的优化设计提供依据。此外,引入弹性元件也可有效降低电机的转速波动,进而为仿生扑翼飞行器的生产和实践应用提供理论指导。     

太阳风高速流能流分布

根据Ylysses观测,比较完整地计算了高纬行星际空间太阳风能流分布．计算表明,行星际空间的高速流能流密度约为2．1×10-3J·m-2·s-1（日心距离r＝1AU）,主要来自于太阳风离子所携带的动能流（占58％）和克服太阳引力的势能流（占39％）．要驱动高速流,需要在日冕底部高速流源区（日心距离r=1Rs）向外输出到太阳风的能流密度为7．1×102J·m-2·s－1·分析表明,由日冕底部向外可能输出两种形式的能流,其中一种具有较短的耗散长度,被耗散在很短的空间区域（～1—2Rs）,使日冕温度迅速提高。另一种储藏在连续向外传播的太阳风中,不断耗散用以加速太阳风（＞2Rs）．     

The coronal context of transition region explosive events

Transition region explosive events are observed throughout the quiet Sun and represent an interesting local heating phenomenon. The coronal counterparts of these events, if they exist, were not observed in a sounding rocket campaign dedicated to this objective. The coronal instrument complement on the SOHO spacecraft provides an opportunity to extend this search for the coronal counterparts of the transition region explosive events, as well as to explore the correspondence of explosive events with large scale coronal structures, such as with coronal dark lanes.