空间光学精密展开机构展开方法的初步探讨

文章对空间光学精密展开机构（以下简称展开机构）进行分类，分析了几种典型可展开空间光学系统的展开方法和特点。讨论了展开机构设计需要考虑的主要因素，并给出设计建议。     

Nonthermal Radiation Mechanisms

In this paper we review the possible radiation mechanisms for the observed non-thermal emission in clusters of galaxies, with a primary focus on the radio and hard X-ray emission. We show that the difficulty with the non-thermal, non-relativistic Bremsstrahlung model for the hard X-ray emission, first pointed out by Petrosian (Astrophys. J. 557, 560, 2001) using a cold target approximation, is somewhat alleviated when one treats the problem more exactly by including the fact that the background plasma particle energies are on average a factor of 10 below the energy of the non-thermal particles. This increases the lifetime of the non-thermal particles, and as a result decreases the extreme energy requirement, but at most by a factor of three. We then review the synchrotron and so-called inverse Compton emission by relativistic electrons, which when compared with observations can constrain the value of the magnetic field and energy of relativistic electrons. This model requires a low value of the magnetic field which is far from the equipartition value. We briefly review the possibilities of gamma-ray emission and prospects for GLAST observations. We also present a toy model of the non-thermal electron spectra that are produced by the acceleration mechanisms discussed in an accompanying paper Petrosian and Bykov (Space Sci. Rev., 2008, this issue, Chap. 11).     

四余度伺服机构可靠性试验方法研究

由于四余度伺服机构高可靠性、短寿命设计的特点,使基于大样本长时间的指数分布可靠性试验方法难以奏效.根据四余度伺服机构纯耗损的故障机理,对其可靠性试验方法进行了研究,提出了基于威布尔过程的可靠性试验及参数统计方法.在3个基本假设的基础上,对故障率逐步提高的纯耗损型产品在寿命末期进行工作点线性化处理,认为短任务时间内威布尔过程瞬时故障率可近似等于当前工作点的指数分布故障率,把威布尔过程可靠性试验与指数分布可靠性试验有机地结合起来.试验结果表明,基于威布尔过程的可靠性试验方法可以大大缩短试验时间,节省试验费用,为高可靠性机电产品的可靠性试验提供了一种有效的途径.      

基于变胞原理的一种探测车机构设计与分析

提出了一种具有特殊结构的六杆球面变胞机构,并对该机构进行了构态变化分析,给出了在不同构态时机构的邻接矩阵.依据机构在不同构态时的特殊性质,将该球面变胞机构应用于变结构腿轮式探测车车身的设计.通过车身机构的自我重构以及腿式和轮式结构的变换,使这种探测车能更好地适应星球等复杂环境的探测.对此新型变结构机器人的结构进行了详细的描述,并对机构的自由度进行了分析,同时给出了探测车的典型变形构态.      

超临界RP-3管内换热特性实验

实验研究了超临界RP-3管内换热特性。实验段为2100mm长、外径2.2mm,内径1.8mm不锈钢管(材质:1Cr18Ni9Ti)。RP-3在5MPa压力下流经该实验管,采用近似等热流加热方式将其从127℃加热至427℃。通过测量0min,20min,30min,45min和60min时管外壁和流体温度得到管内对流换热系数hin沿流向分布、结焦对管内传热系数Kin影响。研究结果表明:在远离临界点的亚临界区域,hin随着RP-3温度上升逐渐增大;在近临界区管内对流换热系数迅速增加;而进入超临界区域后,hin保持在1.8×104W/(m·℃)附近;结焦对管内传热影响显著,Kin随结焦增多逐渐降低,而降幅逐渐减小。     

回旋波共振加热加速的多重离子流体模型

在回旋波共振准线性理论基础上建立了自恰描述质子和氧离子各向异性温度和整体速度的双离子流体模型,求得数值解,并与UVCS观测相比较.发现在波谱斜率固定的假设下,模型的数值结果虽然与观测有相同趋势,但不能在误差范围之内解释全部观测现象.进一步的研究需要考虑波谱形状的自洽演化.      

一种新型电动复合力加载系统控制方法

在介绍三维复合力加载设备结构特点与工作原理的基础上,推导出复合力与单支链力之间的关系,建立了单支链电动缸力加载数学模型,通过仿真和实验研究了系统稳定性,分析发现小阻尼系数和力噪声是影响系统稳定与响应速度的主要因素,提出了一种改善系统稳定性和快速性的控制方法,并在实验中取得了良好效果,采用该控制方法,弯矩、轴向力复合加载频率可以达到10Hz.      

OGSRN: Optical-guided super-resolution network for SAR image

Although Convolutional Neural Networks(CNNs) have significantly improved the development of image Super-Resolution(SR) technology in recent years, the existing SR methods for SAR image with large scale factors have rarely been studied due to technical difficulty. A more efficient method is to obtain comprehensive information to guide the SAR image reconstruction.Indeed, the co-registered High-Resolution(HR) optical image has been successfully applied to enhance the quality of SAR image due to it...     

Land use and cover change (LUCC) impacts on Earth’s eco-environments: Research progress and prospects

Land use and cover change (LUCC) is one of the key variables dominating land–atmosphere interactions and strongly affects the Earth’s eco-environments by altering surface properties. Numerous studies have been carried out to assess the impact of LUCC. However, the Earth is a large, open and complex system characterized by complex interactions between its eco-environments and drivers. This study aimed to summarize previous studies of the impact of LUCC on the Earth’s eco-environments and discuss the progress and limitations in suggesting future directions. Previous studies have confirmed that LUCC has a wide range of impacts on the Earth’s eco-environments, which are represented by the alternation of climate (temperature, precipitation, wind, and humidity), hydrology (soil moisture, runoff, and evapotranspiration), ecology and environmental (air, water, and soil) pollution. Physically, the impacts were mainly attributed to the disturbance of the surface radiation budget and matter conservation caused by LUCC. Although great achievements have been made, several challenges remain because of the unavoidable uncertainties in data sources and methodologies and the complexity of eco-environmental evolution. Therefore, data assimilation, physical-based investigations, contribution isolation, and full-process analysis are required to overcome these challenges in future research. The results of this study helped to capture the impact of LUCC and its physical mechanisms, which provide useful clues for future research and support the relative land use management for sustainable development.