电阻型容性频率选择表面吸收体吸波性能研究

提出一种由Salisbury屏衍生而成的新型雷达吸波材料--电阻型容性频率选择表面(FSS)吸收体.采用有限元软件对吸波性能进行研究.研究表明,FSS单元方阻R,参数p和a以及介质层厚度h对FSS吸收体吸波性能均有较大影响.通过大量计算发现,FSS单元方阻在100～200Ω/□之间,p取0.05时具有较好的吸波性能.发现重要的"2h规则".指出在介质层厚度较大的情况下很难充分发挥FSS的作用,一般要求介质层厚度不大于5mm.通过实验对数值计算结果进行验证,结果表明两者基本吻合.另外,数值计算以及实验结果均表明,通过合理的参数选取,与Salisbury屏吸收体相比而言,FSS吸收体可在厚度较小的情况下实现低频吸收,并且具有较好的带宽特性.     

某型航空发动机冶金型号标准编制

介绍了某型航空发动机冶金型号标准的编制情况及其尚存在的问题。     

泡沫镁的制备及应用前景

泡沫镁材料是一种极具潜力的新型材料,相比于实体金属镁和泡沫铝材料有许多特殊性能,然而国内对泡沫镁材料的研究相对较少。为方便学者对泡沫镁材料进行研究,简要介绍了泡沫镁材料的几种性能特点,论述了渗流铸造法、熔模铸造法、粉末冶金法、熔体发泡法、金属-气体共晶定向凝固法等几种重要的泡沫镁材料制备方法的工艺原理和优缺点。列举了国内外制备泡沫镁材料的一些实例,从泡沫镁材料的阻尼性能、吸能性能、仿生性能、散热性能等方面着重分析了泡沫镁材料在航空航天、生物医学、散热器、汽车等领域的应用前景。     

轻合金复杂薄壁构件流体压力成形技术新进展

随着新一代航空航天飞行器、高铁和新能源汽车向大型化、轻量化、高性能化、长寿命和高可靠性方向发展,对高性能复杂整体薄壁构件的需求更为迫切。这类构件突出的制造难题是材料难变形,形状复杂,性能要求高。这些难题互相耦合,使得此类构件制造难度极大,超出现有技术的成形极限,为传统成形技术带来巨大的挑战。为了解决以上技术难题,介绍了几种近年来发展的面向这类结构的成形新技术,包括异形截面管件低压充液压形技术、深腔曲面薄壁构件可控多向加压流体压力成形技术、难变形材料薄壁构件热介质压力成形技术。     

航空发动机钛材料磨削技术研究现状及展望

钛材料主要指钛合金、钛铝金属间化合物和钛基复合材料,具有密度低、强度高、抗氧化与蠕变性能好等优异特性,在航空发动机领域具有广泛应用前景。钛材料属于典型的难加工材料。磨削是高效精密加工钛材料的重要方法,可以获得良好的加工精度和表面质量。首先概述了钛材料在航空发动机中的应用及其磨削工艺技术总体情况。随后,从磨削力与磨削温度、砂轮磨损、材料去除机理、表面完整性等方面阐述了钛材料磨削技术的研究进展,并总结了针对钛材料磨削关键问题提出的新工艺和新方法。最后,对钛材料磨削技术未来的研究方向进行了展望。     

民机内饰用阻燃环氧树脂及复合材料性能研究

合成一种无卤阻燃环氧树脂,并采用热熔法预浸工艺制备出玻璃纤维织物增强环氧树脂预浸料。通过DSC、流变仪等手段对树脂性能进行表征分析。将树脂与玻璃纤维织物进行复合制备预浸料并通过热压罐成型工艺制备复合材料,对复合材料的力学性能和阻燃性能进行表征分析。结果表明:该无卤阻燃环氧树脂及预浸料具有良好的工艺加工性,用其制备的复合材料试验件具有良好的力学性能和阻燃性能,垂直燃烧/水平燃烧、热释放速率、烟密度、烟毒性各项性能均可满足CCAR等适航标准的要求。     

PMMA透光纳米复合材料的制备

利用同轴共纺技术制备出具有壳-芯结构的复合纳米纤维,再通过热压成型工艺将壳层的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)熔融,留下芯层的尼龙6(PA-6)纳米纤维作为增强材料,由此制备得到纳米纤维增强透光复合材料.实验结果表明,该复合材料较之纯PMMA板在力学性能上有明显改善,透光率则基本不受影响.应用SEM、TEM以及FTIR研究了复合纳米纤维的形貌和结构,并根据复合材料力学试验断口的SEM照片,分析了PA-6纳米纤维含量对复合材料力学性能和透光性能的影响.     

Influence of processing and external storage conditions on the performance of envelope materials for stratospheric airships

Envelope materials are extremely vital for stratospheric airships, which are widely used in numerous applications. The influence of processing as well as the storage and utilization conditions on the performance of envelope materials has been studied systematically for the first time. Results show that the performance of envelope materials depends largely on the hot-pressing temperature and the flexing during processing. The tensile strength of samples dropped to 289.1 ± 8.0 MPa from 346.6 ± 9.3 MPa when pressed at temperature above 180 °C and helium leakage appeared. The outer layers would be worn off when flexed no matter by manual or machine, resulting in dramatic increase of helium permeability and even leakage as well as varying decrease of mechanical properties. Hence, suitable hot-pressing temperature and limitation of flexing as little as possible during processing are essential to obtain products with suitable properties. Besides, the storage and utilization conditions are also critical to the properties of envelope materials. Both naturally aged samples in outdoor storage on ground and samples recovered from actual flight on stratospheric airship exhibited reduced mechanical properties and even helium leakage due to excess solar irradiation, ozone concentration and energetic particles interaction compared with those stored indoors. The weatherability of envelope materials should be further strengthened in the next few years. This research could provide a theoretical guidance for actual practice.     

Hysteresis and the nonlinear equivalent piezoelectric coeffcient of MFCs for actuation

The hysteretic behavior and nonlinearity of the equivalent material coefficient of macro fiber composites (MFC) under staircase input conditions are investigated using the Preisach model. Based on a database of first order reversal curves, formulas are derived to predict the hysteresis of strain output and nonlinearity of the equivalent piezoelectric coefficient of MFCs. Formulae are verified by comparing the predicted strains with the measured strains of three MFC specimens, which are driven by a random sequence of staircase voltage inputs. The coefficients obtained by the formulae and experimentation coincide. Further results indicate that the equivalent piezoelectric strain coefficient depends greatly on the value of drive voltage across the entire input range, and the coefficient is asymmetric across the negative and positive input ranges. Deflection testing of an MFC composite cantilever demonstrates the importance of taking the nonlinearity of the equivalent piezoelectric coefficient into consideration in the application of actuation.     

陶瓷材料的超声辅助铣磨削加工技术

陶瓷材料由于具有高熔点、高硬度、高耐磨性、耐氧化、良好的绝缘性等优点，使得其在航天领域得到广泛的应用。针对陶瓷材料在常规机械加工过程中易引入微裂纹等非本征缺陷和残余应力等加工缺陷，通过对陶瓷材料特性的理论分析，引入超声振动加工方法。同时，对陶瓷材料超声振动加工的机理进行了分析，对比验证了普通磨削加工和超声辅助铣磨削加工的效果。采用仿真分析了超声加工过程中工件所受的切削压力和内应力云图，并从理论的角度进行了验证，实现了陶瓷材料产品表观质量的大幅提升，其表面粗糙度达到Ra0.56μm。