辐射换热对平板气膜冷却性能影响

为了分析辐射换热对平板气膜冷却性能的影响,分别对不考虑辐射换热(耦合计算)与考虑辐射换热两种条件下的平板隔热屏进行了三维流热耦合数值模拟研究,并与绝热壁(不考虑隔热屏固壁导热)的计算结果进行了对比。辐射换热采用离散坐标法。得到了3种不同主/次流总温比(Rt)条件下气膜冷却效果、流场、单位面积冷流体热负荷以及流量系数的对比结果与变化规律。结果表明:气膜冷却效果沿流向逐渐降低,且随总温比的增加而降低;在展向上气膜冷却效果呈现中间高两边低的分布规律,最大与最小相对值在绝热壁条件下达到最大,为94.5%,辐射换热次之,为13.5%,不考虑辐射换热时最小,为9.8%。与不考虑辐射换热结果相比,辐射换热对气膜冷却效果的影响在流动方向逐渐变大,气膜孔附近展向温度梯度增大,冷流体热负荷增加了92.8%,二者计算的流量系数相差不大,为1.1%,与绝热壁计算结果相比,流量系数减小了13.1%。随着总温比增加流量系数减小,最大值与最小值相差不大,为1.1%。     

航空发动机进气支板电热防冰试验

为了研究电加热防冰的效果,开展了小型航空发动机进气支板的电加热防冰试验。结合该型号发动机进气支板的结构特点,设计了3种电热防冰加热布置方式,分别在支板沿轴向的不同位置采用1~3个电加热棒作为防冰热源。通过模拟不同的发动机进气结冰环境参数和电加热功率,在冰风洞中对3种电加热方式进行了防冰试验研究。通过布置在支板外表面的温度测点记录了防冰过程中支板表面的瞬态温度变化,分析了支板防冰过程中表面温度的变化特点。防冰试验研究了热源总功率、热源布置方式、液态水含量以及来流温度对支板防冰性能的影响。试验结果表明,合理的电加热方式可以取得较好的防冰效果,同时避免支板后部的溢流水结冰。     

高性能DSP在1553B总线中的设计与实现

为了提高数据采集效率,以高性能DSP芯片为基础,设计了以高性能DSP芯片为处理核心的1553B总线系统.在硬件系统中采用了TI公司的高性能定点运算信号处理器TMS320F2812以及DDC公司的61864协议处理器,同时采用了FPGA作为逻辑控制电路.电路设计方案用于1553总线接口适配的研制,现已通过验收并经测试证明运行稳定可靠.     

航天光学采样成像系统MTF的优化设计与MTFC

简要介绍了成像链、成像系统和遥感系统的概念;对像质和像质差异的表征和度量、成像系统性能的表征等予以说明;重点探讨航天光学采样成像系统MTF的优化设计与MTFC问题,并给出讨论结果。     

自动转移飞行器的轨控总体方案

介绍了欧空局的自动转移飞行器（ATV）的轨道控制方案和技术。给出了ATV的飞行方案、测量敏感器和执行机构的配置,以及在空间站调相段、寻的段、接近段和最终逼近段的轨控策略。     

广播电视卫星高精度时间传递

介绍一种利用我国广播电视卫星进行高精度时间传递的方案,建立多个卫星电视时间发播系统,利用广播电视卫星进行双向时间比对,实现远距离卫星地面站之间的时间同步。通过测量地面站到卫星之间的距离,可实时计算出卫星的坐标位置,用户根据接收到的时间及卫星位置信息,实施高精度定时。     

Refinements in the data analysis of VIRTIS-M-IR Venus nightside spectra

The successful long-duration radiation measurements performed by the VIRTIS instrument aboard ESA’s Venus Express spacecraft have provided an excellent collection of atmospheric and surface data that stand out due to their high temporal and spatial coverage of the planet and due to a high diversity of measurement and environmental conditions.     

A low-thrust transfer between the Earth–Moon and Sun–Earth systems based on invariant manifolds

A low-energy, low-thrust transfer between two halo orbits associated with two coupled three-body systems is studied in this paper. The transfer is composed of a ballistic departure, a ballistic insertion and a powered phase using low-thrust propulsion to connect these two trajectories. The ballistic departure and insertion are computed by constructing the unstable and stable invariant manifolds of the corresponding halo orbits, and a complete low-energy transfer based on the patched invariant manifolds is optimized using the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm on the criterion of smallest velocity discontinuity and limited position discontinuity (less than 1 km). Then, the result is expropriated as the boundary conditions for the subsequent low-thrust trajectory design. The fuel-optimal problem is formulated using the calculus of variations and Pontryagin's Maximum Principle in a complete four-body dynamical environment. Then, a typical bang–bang control is derived and solved using the indirect method combined with a homotopic technique. The contributions of the present work mainly consist of two points. Firstly, the global search method proposed in this paper is simply handled using the PSO algorithm, a number of feasible solutions in a fairly wide range can be delivered without a priori or perfect knowledge of the transfers. Secondly, the indirect optimization method is used in the low-thrust trajectory design and the derivations of the first-order necessary conditions are simplified with a modified controlled, restricted four-body model.     

Measurements of heat transfer and pressure in a trailing edge cavity of a turbine blade

 An experimental investigation is conducted to obtain the heat transfer and pressure drop data for an integral trailing edge cavity test section that simulates a novel turbine blade's internal cooling passage with bleed holes. Local heat transfer is measured on both the suction and pressure sides by a transient liquid crystal technique, while pressures at six positions are recorded by pressure calibrators. Moreover, flow characteristic and its effect on heat transfer are analyzed for conditions with or without bleed flow. The experimental results show that, in the cases with bleed flow, local heat transfer on the pressure side exceeds that on the suction side in the first and second channels. In the cases without bleed flow, in the first and third channels, local heat transfer on the suction side weakens whilst it increases significantly on the pressure side. For the second channel, non-bleed condition leads to a more balanced heat transfer distribution between the upstream and downstream channel. Besides, after the bleed holes are blocked, heat transfer in the first bend region on the suction side declines sharply, while the opposite phenomenon occurs for the second bend region on the pressure side. In both bleed and non-bleed cases, the total pressure of six measurement positions decreases continuously along the channel at the same Reynolds number and it promotes for higher Reynolds number. Among all the measurement points, under the same flow rate condition, the highest speed occurs at Position 5, which also shows the maximum difference between the total and static pressures. When the bleed holes are blocked, the total pressure at each measurement position appears to increase.