转子叶片径向受限的“冲击-气膜出流”冷却结构流动与换热

为揭示转子叶片径向受限的"冲击-气膜出流"冷却结构流动换热规律,以某型双层壁叶片肋化分割形成的冷却单元为研究对象,通过数值模拟的方式,对冲击雷诺数Rej,旋转数Ro,无因次温比(Tw-Tf)/Tw等参数变化下流场和换热特性变化规律展开研究。结果表明:在哥氏力和离心力作用下,受限空间内存在射流偏转、径向二次流动以及二次冲击等现象;流动的径向受限可抑制射流偏转,强化冲击换热;相同的旋转数Ro下,逆转向冲击(叶背区)换热努赛尔数Nu比顺转向冲击(叶盆区)高8%。在研究的参数范围内,数值模拟和试验结果说明径向受限周向出流结构能有效的抑制旋转对换热的削弱。     

Nb-Si 基超高温合金的研究进展

Nb-Si基超高温合金由于熔点高、密度低和优良的高温强度等特点受到广泛关注,极具作为下一代高推重比航空发动机和超然冲压发动机的热端部件用材料的潜力.本文主要介绍了国内外在合金化、粉末冶金、定向凝固和热处理工艺对Nb-Si基合金组织和性能影响等方面的研究现状,并展望了其发展趋势.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of hybrid fabricated 1Cr12Ni2WMoVNb steel by laser melting deposition

 Laser melting deposition was carried out to deposit a 1Cr12Ni2WMoVNb steel bar on a wrought bar of same material. Room-temperature tensile properties of the hybrid fabricated 1Cr12Ni2WMoVNb steel sample were evaluated, and microstructure, fracture surface morphology, and hardness profile were analyzed by an optical microscope (OM), a scanning electron microscope (SEM), and a hardness tester. Results show that the hybrid fabricated 1Cr12Ni2WMoVNb steel sample consists of laser deposited zone, wrought substrate zone, and heat affected zone (HAZ) of the wrought substrate. The laser deposited zone has coarse columnar prior austenite grains and fine well-aligned dendritic structure, while the HAZ of the wrought substrate has equiaxed prior austenite grains which are notably finer than those in the wrought substrate zone. Besides, austenitic transformation mechanism of the HAZ of the wrought substrate is different from that of the laser deposited zone during the reheating period of the laser deposition, which determines the different prior austenite grain morphologies of the two zones. Microhardness values of both the laser deposited zone and the HAZ of the wrought substrate are higher than that of the wrought substrate zone. Tensile properties of the hybrid fabricated 1Cr12Ni2WMoVNb steel sample are comparable to those of the wrought bar, and fracture occurs in the wrought substrate zone during the tensile test.     

卫星空调隔间地面调温技术的应用与分析

介绍了卫星在进行地面调温时所采用的空调隔间调温方案．针对该设计方案，以有效载荷的温度水平作为判定地面调温过程的依据，并且根据密封舱内风扇的工作状态．分别对“风扇开”和“风扇关”两种情况下的地面调温过程进行了理论分析。通过理论分析，得出了有效载荷在调温过程中的温度变化规律，并给出了许多有用的定性结论。最后，在理论分析结论指导下对地面调温进行试验．试验数据与理论分析公式符合得较好。     

涡轮动叶凹槽状叶顶传热特性和气动性能的不确定性量化研究

基于非嵌入式多项式混沌展开方法,结合Smolyak稀疏网格技术与Sobol Indic方法构建了涡轮动叶凹槽状叶顶传热特性和气动性能不确定性量化分析系统。研究并量化了几何参数叶顶间隙和运行工况参数主流进口总温与气膜冷却吹风比不确定性对涡轮动叶凹槽状叶顶气热特性的影响。不确定性分析结果表明：在考虑叶顶间隙与主流进口总温和吹风比不确定性的情况下,叶顶换热量 基本符合正态分布。 的统计均值相对于设计值增加13.56%并且其偏离设计值10%的概率高达65.68%。相比叶顶尾缘区域,叶顶前缘部分的换热量对不确定性输入更加敏感。前缘区域的叶片壁面换热量 的不确定性明显大于尾缘部分。在叶顶间隙与主流进口总温和吹风比不确定性的影响下,0-80%轴向弦长区域内叶顶总压损失系数存在微小偏差,但在80%轴向弦长以后区域总压损失系数的不确定性偏差会达到约50%。敏感度分析的结果表明主流进口总温是叶片换热性能不确定性的主导变量,其对 与 不确定性的贡献分别为93.87%和98.32%。叶顶气动性能的不确定性则完全由叶顶间隙控制,其对叶顶总压损失系数不确定性的方差占比高达86.44%。与主效应相比,各变量间的二阶交互效应对叶顶气热性能的影响几乎可以忽略不计。     

电弧增材制造7075铝合金的微观组织与力学性能

7xxx系铝合金电弧增材制造过程中因组织不均匀与元素偏析导致成形试样性能较低,针对这一问题,对电弧增材制造7075铝合金薄壁件进行固溶+人工时效热处理(T6态),对比研究了热处理前后微观组织与力学性能的变化。结果表明,7075铝合金沉积态试样中晶粒被网状共晶组织包围,Zn、Mg和Cu元素在晶界富集,产生元素偏析。经过T6态热处理后,大部分共晶组织溶解,元素分布的不均匀性得到明显改善。与沉积态试样相比,热处理后试样的抗拉强度与断后伸长率增加,抗拉强度从(279.4±5.3)MPa提高至(493.9±10.2)MPa,断后伸长率从3.78%±0.35%增加到9.66%±1.70%。T6态试样的拉伸断口表面密布着韧窝,断裂方式为韧性断裂。     

Experimental investigation of surface roughness effects on flow behavior and heat transfer characteristics for circular microchannels

This paper experimentally investigates the effect of surface roughness on flow and heat transfer characteristics in circular microchannels. All test pieces include 44 identical, parallel circu-lar microchannels with diameters of 0.4 mm and 10 mm in length. The surface roughness of the microchannels is Ra=0.86, 0.92, 1.02 lm, and the Reynolds number ranges from 150 to 2800. Results show that the surface roughness of the circular microchannels has remarkable effects on the performance of flow behavior and heat transfer. It is found that the Poiseuille and Nusselt num-bers are higher when the relative surface roughness is larger. For flow behavior, the friction factor increases consistently with the increasing Reynolds number, and it is larger than the constant the-oretical value for macrochannels. The Reynolds number for the transition from laminar to turbu-lent flow is about 1500, which is lower than the value for macrochannels. For the heat transfer property, Nusselt number also increases with increasing Reynolds number, and larger roughness contributes to higher Nusselt number.     

Some experimental progresses in the study of self-rewetting fluids for the SELENE experiment to be carried in the Thermal Platform 1 hardware

SELENE (SELf-rewetting fluids for thermal ENErgy management) is a microgravity experiment proposed to the European Space Agency (ESA) in response to the Announcement of Opportunities for Physical Sciences. Main objectives of the microgravity research onboard the International Space Station (ISS) include the quantitative investigation of heat transfer performances in model heat pipes and validation of adequate theoretical and numerical models. In particular the research is focused on “self-rewetting fluids”, i.e. fluid mixtures with unusual surface tension properties. This article summarizes preliminary ground-based research activities in preparation of the microgravity experiments. They include: (1) thermophysical properties measurements; (2) study of thermo-soluto-capillary effects in micro-channels; (3) numerical modeling; (4) measurements with optical (e.g. interferometric) and intrusive techniques; (5) surface tension-driven effects and thermal performances test on different capillary structures and heat pipes; and (6) breadboards development and support to definition of scientific requirements.     

航天员的产热和散热问题

航天员的产热与散热是确定飞行器生保系统多项部件设计的重要依据，也是判断航天员劳动强度、安排作息制度、实施医学监督的主要指标。文章结合作者以往工作部份经验介绍了国外３种估测航天员代谢热的方法；归纳了航天员舱内外活动时的产热量，并综合分析其变异的原因；并着重论述了低压条件下影响航天服热交换的因素，从而提出了可以由地面实验所获得的服装通风流率，转换成不同低压下带走同样热量所需相应流率的数学方法。     

变形工艺对Ti-3Al-5Mo-5V动态压缩变形的影响

采用显微组织分析和工艺试验相结合的方法系统分析了变形工艺对Ti-3A l-5Mo-5V钛合金动态压缩变形行为的影响规律。结果表明,变形速率和变形量影响着合金动态变形局部化的程度(剪切带的宽度)和变形过程中出现的剪切带的类型,动态变形后剪切带区域的硬度与其他位置的硬度差异较大,这种差异可以通过变形后适当的后续退火处理来消除。