飞行环境模拟系统多容腔流-固传热建模

为了提升高空台飞行环境模拟系统(FESS)数值仿真平台的置信度,提出了一种多容腔流-固传热的建模方法,该方法考虑了混合器气流掺混、流-固传热、管道压力损失等因素的影响;建立了包括调节阀流量特性、液压伺服系统、混合器、混合器出口导流栅流量特性、整流子系统、管道容腔模型在内的部件模型库,并基于该模型库构建了仿真平台。为了验证本文建模方法的有效性,采用两次掺混试验数据对仿真模型进行对比验证表明,仿真结果与试验测量结果动态变化趋势基本一致,且温度、压力的最大误差分别不大于2.5K、2kPa;为了分析FESS控制系统的能力,假定了一次典型的发动机试验条件来进行仿真分析,仿真结果表明,FESS控制系统具备进行发动机平飞加速和等马赫数爬升试验的能力。     

舱外航天服热试验方法研究

舱外航天服采用主被动相结合的热控方式控制内部的温度,但其外形复杂,影响外热流的因素很多,因此舱外航天服热试验存在着与传统航天器热试验完全不同的特点。文章根据舱外航天服热设计的特点,对舱外航天服的地面热试验方法进行了比较分析和研究,论证了采用等效外热流模拟方法,通过进行舱外航天服系统漏热和散热能力的测试来验证热设计方法的合理性及热试验方法的可行性。     

热沉设计技术

在大型空间环境模拟器KM6中，热沉是该设备中的重要分系统之一。文章介绍了热沉的材料选择、结构布置、壁板形式、支撑结构及主要设计计算结果等。     

空天飞机超燃冲压发动机燃烧室的气动设计

本文首先说明了单级入轨的空天飞机采用超声速燃烧冲压发动机的必要性。采用一维气体流动的关系式分析了超燃冲压发动机燃烧室的性能和气动设计,然后介绍了NASA Langley 研究中心关于超燃冲压发动机燃烧室气动设计研究工作的主要结果,重点介绍了混合、点火和冷却等问题。最后,讨论了超燃冲压发动机燃烧室气动热力学的地面试验技术与计算流体力学方法。根据试验结果与计算结果,分析了典型超燃冲压发动机燃烧室的性能。     

超声速燃烧室凹槽动态特性试验研究

为研究超声速燃烧室中凹槽火焰稳定器的流动特性,对来流马赫数2.0条件下各种构型的凹槽流场进行了试验研究.得到了不同几何构型凹槽流场的纹影结果,采用动态压力传感器研究了凹槽流场的频谱特性,计算了凹槽流场自激振荡压力的均方根,并将试验结果和Rossiter经验公式预测结果进行了对比.     

Numerical exploration on the thermal invasion characteristics of two typical gap-cavity structures subjected to hypersonic airflow

In this paper, numerical investigation of hypersonic gas flow over two typical gap-cavity structures is carried out using all-speed preconditioned density-based solver. Such structures filled with porous seal in the gap are often present at the joint locations of control surfaces of the hypersonic vehicles. Single-domain approach is adopted to integrate the governing equations for both porous and fluid regions. The basic thermal invasion characteristic is first illustrated using the maze gap-cavity structure without sealing. Then, the influence of seal filling depth on the thermal invasion characteristic is investigated for the structure with sealing. Finally, a comparison of thermal invasion characteristics between maze and straight gap-cavity structures is performed to examine the influence of gap bending. Results show that the main source of hot airflow invading into the gap is from the millimeter scale gas layer within the boundary layer. And the invasion characteristic presents approximate stationary behavior. A primary vortex occurs in the gap adjacent to the leeward wall, which is ascribed to the impinging effect between the separate boundary flow and the windward wall. This effect is also the main driving force of thermal invasion. A treatment of filling the seal in certain depth inside the gap can significantly reduce the thermal load of seal and maintain an acceptable level of the invading mass flow rate. Additionally, it is found that the gap bending exerts a limited block effect on the thermal invasion without sealing, and this effect can be ignored with sealing. These results can provide a reference for optimizing the seal gap-cavity structure configuration.     

温度传感器时间常数测试技术发展现状与分析

总结了近年来温度传感器时间常数测试技术的发展现状，包括各种测试方法的工作原理、系统结构及研究成果。根据热源及测试装置的特点对现有测试方法进行了分类，并进行了不同测试方法的对比分析，指出了不同测试方法的优点和适用性。基于当前温度传感器微纳化和高速响应的发展趋势，结合行业发展需求，提出了温度传感器高速动态响应测试技术研究应注意的问题和发展方向。     

Effects of cold fronts on MODIS-derived sensible and latent heat fluxes in Itumbiara reservoir (Central Brazil)

In this work we investigate the cold front passage effects on sensible and latent heat flux in a tropical hydroelectric reservoir. The study area, Itumbiara reservoir (Goiás State/Brazil) at the beginning of the austral winter, is characterized by the presence of a weak thermal stratification and the passage of several cold fronts from higher latitudes of South America. Sensible and latent heat fluxes were estimated considering the atmospheric boundary layer stability. In situ and MODIS water surface temperature data were used to adjust the coefficients for momentum and heat exchanges between water and atmosphere and spatialize the sensible and latent heat fluxes. The results showed that during a cold front event the sensible heat flux can be up to five times greater than the flux observed before. The latent heat flux tends to decrease during the cold front but increase again after the passage. The highest values of heat loss were observed at littoral zone and some Reservoir’s embayment. The heat loss intensification can be separated in two moments: first, during the cold front passage, when the wind speed increases and the air temperature decreases; second, after the cold front passage, with air humidity decreasing. This can be considered a key process to understanding the heat loss in the Itumbiara reservoir.     

转子叶片径向受限的“冲击-气膜出流”冷却结构流动与换热

为揭示转子叶片径向受限的"冲击-气膜出流"冷却结构流动换热规律,以某型双层壁叶片肋化分割形成的冷却单元为研究对象,通过数值模拟的方式,对冲击雷诺数Rej,旋转数Ro,无因次温比(Tw-Tf)/Tw等参数变化下流场和换热特性变化规律展开研究。结果表明:在哥氏力和离心力作用下,受限空间内存在射流偏转、径向二次流动以及二次冲击等现象;流动的径向受限可抑制射流偏转,强化冲击换热;相同的旋转数Ro下,逆转向冲击(叶背区)换热努赛尔数Nu比顺转向冲击(叶盆区)高8%。在研究的参数范围内,数值模拟和试验结果说明径向受限周向出流结构能有效的抑制旋转对换热的削弱。