Microstructure and mechanical properties of hybrid fabricated 1Cr12Ni2WMoVNb steel by laser melting deposition

 Laser melting deposition was carried out to deposit a 1Cr12Ni2WMoVNb steel bar on a wrought bar of same material. Room-temperature tensile properties of the hybrid fabricated 1Cr12Ni2WMoVNb steel sample were evaluated, and microstructure, fracture surface morphology, and hardness profile were analyzed by an optical microscope (OM), a scanning electron microscope (SEM), and a hardness tester. Results show that the hybrid fabricated 1Cr12Ni2WMoVNb steel sample consists of laser deposited zone, wrought substrate zone, and heat affected zone (HAZ) of the wrought substrate. The laser deposited zone has coarse columnar prior austenite grains and fine well-aligned dendritic structure, while the HAZ of the wrought substrate has equiaxed prior austenite grains which are notably finer than those in the wrought substrate zone. Besides, austenitic transformation mechanism of the HAZ of the wrought substrate is different from that of the laser deposited zone during the reheating period of the laser deposition, which determines the different prior austenite grain morphologies of the two zones. Microhardness values of both the laser deposited zone and the HAZ of the wrought substrate are higher than that of the wrought substrate zone. Tensile properties of the hybrid fabricated 1Cr12Ni2WMoVNb steel sample are comparable to those of the wrought bar, and fracture occurs in the wrought substrate zone during the tensile test.     

Nb-Si 基超高温合金的研究进展

Nb-Si基超高温合金由于熔点高、密度低和优良的高温强度等特点受到广泛关注,极具作为下一代高推重比航空发动机和超然冲压发动机的热端部件用材料的潜力.本文主要介绍了国内外在合金化、粉末冶金、定向凝固和热处理工艺对Nb-Si基合金组织和性能影响等方面的研究现状,并展望了其发展趋势.     

卫星空调隔间地面调温技术的应用与分析

介绍了卫星在进行地面调温时所采用的空调隔间调温方案．针对该设计方案，以有效载荷的温度水平作为判定地面调温过程的依据，并且根据密封舱内风扇的工作状态．分别对“风扇开”和“风扇关”两种情况下的地面调温过程进行了理论分析。通过理论分析，得出了有效载荷在调温过程中的温度变化规律，并给出了许多有用的定性结论。最后，在理论分析结论指导下对地面调温进行试验．试验数据与理论分析公式符合得较好。     

Experimental investigation of surface roughness effects on flow behavior and heat transfer characteristics for circular microchannels

This paper experimentally investigates the effect of surface roughness on flow and heat transfer characteristics in circular microchannels. All test pieces include 44 identical, parallel circu-lar microchannels with diameters of 0.4 mm and 10 mm in length. The surface roughness of the microchannels is Ra=0.86, 0.92, 1.02 lm, and the Reynolds number ranges from 150 to 2800. Results show that the surface roughness of the circular microchannels has remarkable effects on the performance of flow behavior and heat transfer. It is found that the Poiseuille and Nusselt num-bers are higher when the relative surface roughness is larger. For flow behavior, the friction factor increases consistently with the increasing Reynolds number, and it is larger than the constant the-oretical value for macrochannels. The Reynolds number for the transition from laminar to turbu-lent flow is about 1500, which is lower than the value for macrochannels. For the heat transfer property, Nusselt number also increases with increasing Reynolds number, and larger roughness contributes to higher Nusselt number.     

Some experimental progresses in the study of self-rewetting fluids for the SELENE experiment to be carried in the Thermal Platform 1 hardware

SELENE (SELf-rewetting fluids for thermal ENErgy management) is a microgravity experiment proposed to the European Space Agency (ESA) in response to the Announcement of Opportunities for Physical Sciences. Main objectives of the microgravity research onboard the International Space Station (ISS) include the quantitative investigation of heat transfer performances in model heat pipes and validation of adequate theoretical and numerical models. In particular the research is focused on “self-rewetting fluids”, i.e. fluid mixtures with unusual surface tension properties. This article summarizes preliminary ground-based research activities in preparation of the microgravity experiments. They include: (1) thermophysical properties measurements; (2) study of thermo-soluto-capillary effects in micro-channels; (3) numerical modeling; (4) measurements with optical (e.g. interferometric) and intrusive techniques; (5) surface tension-driven effects and thermal performances test on different capillary structures and heat pipes; and (6) breadboards development and support to definition of scientific requirements.     

吸波热沉在微波雷达成像卫星真空热试验中的应用

在微波雷达成像卫星的整星真空热试验中,需采取特殊措施吸收SAR天线T/R组件发射出的大功率微波,以保护组件不被损伤。文章介绍了一种新型外热流模拟装置——吸波热沉,兼具吸波和外热流模拟2方面的功能。为验证吸波热沉在真空热试验时的有效性,设计了一套验证试验方案,试验结果表明:吸波热沉可以满足真空热试验的外热流模拟精度需求,偏差在4%以内。该装置已在某微波雷达成像卫星的真空热试验中成功应用。     

准一维传热下冷面绝热边界材料对隔热试验结果的影响

为评估冷面绝热边界对试验结果的影响,在充分验证测控系统可控性和试验方法稳定性的基础上,分别以柔性隔热毡、刚性隔热瓦和纳米隔热材料为冷面绝热边界,对陶瓷纤维刚性隔热材料进行500℃、3 000s的石英灯热辐射考核试验,并利用迭代绝热边界当量热导率的方法对试验结果进行了模拟计算和分析。结果表明,以柔性隔热毡为冷面绝热边界时隔热材料的冷面温度最高,刚性隔热瓦和纳米隔热材料为冷面绝热边界时则冷面温度较低且相近,3者间最大相对偏差高达19.0%。模拟计算证实由冷面绝热边界材料引起的接触热阻对试验结果起到了决定性作用,而不简单地取决于绝热边界材料的隔热性能。     

单组元发动机热回浸现象的理论分析

用有限元法数值分析了通讯卫星上用于姿态和轨道控制的单组元发动机的热回浸现象。计算表明,燃烧室工作后的热量主要是通过支撑圆杆的热回浸和辐射而散失的。所得模拟结果还说明,工程设计中采用毛细管输送燃料,确实能有效地阻止发动机工作后燃烧室中的热量通过输料管传到电磁阀,可充分保证电磁间的安全。     

燃烧室壁冲击冷却换热的实验研究

对９种不同几何尺寸的冲击孔板及其换热靶板,在冷流压力损失控制在１０％以下时,测量其换热的平均努氏数,并依据结果分析冲击换热的影响和影响程度,最后采用多元线性回归法,将结果数据整理成换热的准则关系式。实验结果表明：（１）冲击换热的平均努氏数Ｎｕｄ随冲击孔的雷诺数Ｒｅｄ的增加呈上升趋势,（２）冲击换热的平均努氏数Ｎｕｄ在冲击间距Ｚｎ＝０．８ｍｍ～４．８ｍｍ内,随Ｘｎ／ｄ的增加呈下降趋势,（３）冲击间距Ｚｎ＝０．８ｍｍ～４．８ｍｍ内,冲击换热随冲击间距与冲击孔孔径之比Ｚｎ／ｄ增加而微弱上升,（４）在实验范围内冲击换热的平均努氏数可用下式表示：Ｎｕｄ＝０．２８１（Ｚｎ／ｄ）０．０７１（Ｘｎ／ｄ）－１．２９Ｒｅ０．７６ｄ,式中１５００≤Ｒｅｄ≤１００００,６．２５≤Ｘｎ／ｄ≤８．３３,０．５３≤Ｚｎ／ｄ≤３．００。     

燃气发生器绝热层研制

分析和提出了提高燃气发生器绝热层性能的途径,考察了工艺条件对绝热层性能的影响,研制出可满足燃气发生器使用要求的含石棉三元乙丙绝热层;含石棉丁腈绝热层和含芳纶三元乙丙绝热层。